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Production of Biodegradable Plastic Using Rubber ( Hevea Brasiliensis ) Seed Oil and Wild Cocoyam ( Caladium Bicolor ) Starch

O.F. Osagie, O.G. Oriji, K. Okorosaye-Orubite

Abstract

Conventional plastics constitute nuisance in the environment because measures put in place for their disposal are inadequate, hence the need to produce alternative forms of plastics that are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. The research investigates the potential of producing bio-plastics using the starch from wild cocoyam and epoxidized rubber seed oil. Proximate analysis of the starch recorded the following: moisture content (11.13±0.64), ash content (0.275±0.014 %). amylase (28.77±0.01%) and amylopectin (71.23±0.10 %). The Physicochemical analysis of the epoxidized rubber seed oil recorded the following: pH (6.50±0.01), specific gravity (0.97±0.24), viscosity (12.30±0.20 poise) acid value (22.62±0.01 mgKOH/g), iodine value (158.51±0.03 mgI2 /g). The bio-plastic was subsequently produced by copolymerization of the epoxidized rubber seed oil, starch, and minute additives. The physico- chemical properties of the bio-plastics were tested, Tensile strength (20.54N/mm2) (11.22N/mm2) for the bioplastic and the control respectively. Also, the produced bioplastics were tested in various solvent media, the results showed that the bioplastic had poor resistance in acidic and water media, good resistance in basic and alcoholic media. The biodegradability test results, after weighing 0.8g each of both the bioplastic and polyethylene samples and burying in sandy, loamy and clay soil types showed that weight loss was more evident in loamy soil whereas no change was observed for the control, implying that the sample was more biodegraded than the control. Keyword: Biodegradable, Starch, Environment, Bioplastic, Tensile strength

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