Housing Affordability Crisis and Urban Inequality in Rapidly Growing African Cities: Evidence from Lagos Metropolitan Area"

Abstract

Rapid urbanization across African cities has intensified housing affordability challenges, deepening social-spatial inequalities. This study examines the dynamics of housing affordability and urban inequality in Lagos Metropolitan Area, one of Africa's fastest-growing megacities. Using a mixed-method approach combining secondary data, affordability indices and spatial analysis, the study reveals that rising housing costs, inadequate supply, and institutional inefficiencies have exacerbated inequality and informal settlement growth. Over 70% of Lagos residents are renters, with many spending 40–60% of their income on housing, far exceeding global affordability benchmarks (RIRFHUD Report 2025) Lagos housing deficit and rental burden (African Housing News). The paper argues that the affordability crisis is both a structural and policy-induced phenomenon, reinforcing exclusionary urban development. It concludes with policy recommendations focusing on inclusive housing finance, land reforms, and pro-poor urban planning.

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