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Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties of Lubricating Oils During Their Usage

Ehirim Appolinus I., Yanda Kudu M., Njoku Chidi P., Emenyonu Emeka, Azuike, Chidiebere and Nwaodu MaryClaret N.

Abstract

This study aims at the assessment of the physicochemical properties of lubricating oils during their usage. Four samples of virgin lubricating oils were purchased and categorized as A1, B1, C1, D1; the difference being the manufacturers (Trade mark) while their used oil counterparts were designated as A2, B2, C2, D2 respectively. A dry ash method was adopted for digestion of the samples in a 1:10 (w/v) of oil: 1 M HNO3. The concentration of six elements (Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cr and Ni) as well as physical properties such as: viscosity at 40oC and 100oC; viscosity index: total acid and base numbers; demulsibility were determined. The elemental analysis was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry . The physical properties were characterized using ASTM procedures. The results obtained for the metals; Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cr and Ni analysis indicated a decreasing trend in concentration of additive elements and increasing in concentration for wear elements. The viscosity index value ranges obtained were 47-193 cst for fresh oil and 160-189 cst for used oil. The results of demulsibility of the used oils gave the values of emulsion as: 3.27 cm3 for A1, 18.60 cm3, 19.0 cm3 and 15.18 cm3 for B1, C1 and D2 respectively. This implies that the used oil samples with exception of A2 were oxidized or contaminated soils. It is recommended that optimal viscosity should be maintained, such that the temperature of the storage environment should be considered. Keep the generator away from moist environment to avoid degradation of the lubricant quality. More importantly, regular monitoring where the condition of the lube oil is checked, and replacement made at very short interval of time.

Keywords

Lubricating oil;Physicochemical properties; Metals; AAS; Generators; Wear.

References

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