Assessment of Infiltration Characteristics of Different Land Use Systems in Uyo Metropolis in Akwa Ibom State
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of different land use systems on infiltration characteristics. It aimed at determining the infiltration characteristics of soils under two land use systems (fallowed and cultivated land) as well as determining the physical and chemical properties of soils under the two land use systems. Infiltration runs were carried out using the double ring infiltrometer in the field. Thereafter, bulk soil samples were collected using soil auger at 0 – 20 and 20 – 40 cm depth for laboratory analysis. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that a cumulative infiltration rate of 86.24 cm was obtained in cultivated land at the end of 2 hours of infiltration runs and this gives infiltration rate of 43.12 per hour. It also gives sorptivity of 4.72 cm/min and transmissivity of 0.29 cm/min. In Fallowed land use, a cumulative infiltration of 40.68 cm was obtained at the end of two hours of infiltration runs giving infiltration rate of 20.34 cm/hour with sorptivity of 1.85 cm/min and transmissivity of 0.15 cm/min. Sand particle was 815.07 and 795.07gkg-1 in 0 – 20 and 20 – 40 cm depth of fallowed soil but 848.20 and 821.13 gkg-1 in cultivated soil. Similarly, 0-20 cm of fallowed soil had silt particles of 39.38 gkg-1 while 20 - 40 cm had 53.27 gkg-1. In cultivated soil, the top soil had silt particle of 49.27 gkg- 1 while the sub soil recorded silt particle of 56.33 gkg-1. Distribution of clay particles showed that 0 - 20 cm of fallowed soil recorded 146.42 gkg-1 while 20 – 40 cm had 152.20 gkg-1. Also, 0- 20 cm of cultivated soil had clay content of 102.53 gkg-1 while 122.53 gkg-1 was obtained at 20 -40 cm depth. The result shows that fallowed soil had the highest sand particle but the difference was not significant (p>0.05) among land Use. It also had the highest moisture content, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity while cultivated had the highest total porosity among the physical properties. Considering the chemical properties, the results showed that fallowed soil was not different from cultivated in pH, fallowed soil had the highest organic matter, total nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Na. It was inferred that land use have effect on the infiltration characteristics of the soils. It also has effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soils. The fallowed land was highly recommended because it has high clay content and low infiltration characteristics which indicates high stable aggregates down the profile. IJEMT
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