References
Secondary Sources A.H.M. Kirk-Green (1969), Adamawa: Past and Present, (London: Dawsons Pall and Mall), P. 21. A.A. Adebayo and A.L. Tukur (1999), Adamawa States in Maps, Yola, Paraclete Publishers, P. 37. A. I Tukur (1998), Landforms in A. A. Adebayo and A.L Tukur (eds.) Adamawa State in Maps, (Yola: Paraclete Publishers). p. 4 I. A. Abba (2006), The Establishment of Gombe Emirate,1804-1882, in Sokoto Caliphate, Histories and Legacies,1804-1884 Vol 1, (co-edit), H. Bobboyi and A.M. Yakubu, (Kaduna: Arewa House, Ahmadu Bello University). P.17 C. Vereecke (1993), The Slaves Experienced in Adamawa:Past and Present Perspective from Yola (Nigeria),Accessed 25/10/2013,(Ohio:Center for African Studies, State University). p. 28. C. Akosim and et`al (1999), Vegetation and Forest Resources in A.A Adebayo and A.L Tukur (co- edit) Adamawa State in Maps, (Yola:Paraclete Publishers), p.10. E.N. Philip (n.d), “The History and Culture of the Laka People of Adamawa State of Nigeria”, P. 2. I. I. Inuwa (1993), “The Impact of Kiri Dam on Fishing and Agriculture in Numan Division, 1977- 1993,” ...p.7. I. I Idris (1993), “The Impact of Kiri Dam on Fishing and Agriculture in Numan Division 1977- 1993.”.........p.6. J. P. Dada (1988), “The Effect of British Colonial Rule on Numan Division 1903-1960.”...P.3 M. Nissen (1963), An African Church is Born: The Story of Adamawa and Central Sardauna Provinces in Nigeria, (Nigeria: Betel and partners). P. 92. M. S. Umar (1997), Muslims` Intellectual Responses to British Colonialism in Northern Nigeria,1903-1945, (Ilinois Northwestern University,). P.76. M. Hamman (2007), The Middle Benue Region and the Sokoto Jihad 1812-1869; The Impact of the Establishment of the Muri Emirate, (Kaduna: Arewa House, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria) P.76. M. Perham (1973), Native Administration in Nigeria. (London: (O.U. P), P.33 and Y.Turaki (1993),The British Colonial Legacy in Northern Nigeria: A Social Ethical Analysis of the Colonial and Post-Colonial Society and Politics in Nigeria,(Jos: Challenge NPS Educational Publishers Limited),P.103. O. Odebiyi (1998), Ahmed Joda: A Man of Mission, (Lagos: Ibukun Ola Press Ldt), P. 196, and R. Wilson (2008), The Agricultural and Mineral Potentials of Shelleng Local Government, (Shelleng: LGA, Information Department). P.11. For more detail see NAK/275P/Yolprof/Kanakuru Assessment Report, Numan Division, 1919. O. Ikime (1977), The Fall of Nigeria: The British Conquest. (London: Heinemann, Ibadan), p. 82. R. K Gowoni (2001), Programme for the Ceremony of Third Year in Office of Amna Shelleng, Alhaji Abdullahi K.D. Manegina, (Yola: Printing Press), P. 5. S. Abubakar (2011), The Transformation of Traditional Rulership in North- Eastern Nigeria: 1903- 2010, in Resurgent Nigeria, Issues in Nigerian Intellectual History, S. Babura Ahmad and I.K Abdussalam (eds.), (Ibadan: University Press PLC). P. 360. S. Abubakar (1980), ‘The People of the Upper Benue Basin’ ..............................169. Shelleng Local Government Area (n.d), ‘A Brief History of Shelleng Chiefdom’, p.8. S.J.S Cookey and etal (2010), Traditional Rulers in Nigeria, Ibadan: Safari Books Ltd, P. 12. E-ISSN 2504-883X P-ISSN 2695 2432 T. Falola and M.M Heaton, (2008), A History of Nigeria, (London: Cambridge University Press), P.119. Interviews/ Oral Sources Interview with Maina Shu`aiub Isa Dasong, aged 60, Shelleng, 7/5/2016. Interview with Haruna Abdullahi Shelleng, aged 83, Shelleng, 05/04/26. Interview with Malam Zakari Ajuji, aged 52, Shelleng, 12/12/2016. Interview with Alhaji Abdullahi Tela Bura, aged 76, Shelleng, 08/05/26. Interview with Malam Abubakar Muhammad Bomu, age 60, Shelleng,4/1/2017 Interview with Abubakar Muhammad Bomu, aged 57, Shelleng, 03/01/2017. Interview with Malam Hassan Modibbo, age 85. Wurobulle,10/6/2017 Interview with Malam Kindikah Kaku Malum, aged 76, Shelleng, 26/9/2017. Interview with Ibrahim Matini, aged 70, Shelleng, 04/05/26. Interview with Malam Adamu Abdullahi, aged 65, Kakumalm, 07/05/26. Interview with Abubakar Muhammad Bomu, aged 57, Shelleng, 17/5/26. Interview with Rev. Eli M. Chumaro, aged 83, Shelleng, 04/05/26. For detail see C. K Meek (1931), Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria, Vol .2 (London: Kegan Paul). pp 311-312. Unpublished Works/Dissertations/Theses A. Halilu (2004), “The Soci-Economic and Political Impact of Settlers on the Dera (Kanakuru) in Shelleng., B. A. Dissertation, Department of History, University of Maiduguri, p.9. I. A. Abba (1976), Islam in Adamawa in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, M.A Thesis (ABU Zaria), P.5 I. A. Abba (2006), The Establishment of Gombe Emirate, 1804-188...P,20 I. A. Abba (2003), History of Yola 1809 -1914, ABU Zaria: Ahmad Bello University Press, P. 14. For details see, Abba I. A. (2006), ‘The Establishment of Gombe Emirate 1804-1882’, in H. Bobboyi and Yakubus’, The Sokoto Caliphate, Vol.1, Kaduna, Baraka Press Ltd, Abba S. et al (2000), Gombe State: A History of the Land and the People, Zaria, Ahmadu Bello University Press, Abubakar S. (1974), ‘The Emirate-Type of Government in the Sokoto Caliphate’, in Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol. 7, No. 2, Ibadan, Ibadan University Press, Abubakar S. (1980), ‘The Northern Provinces under Colonial Rule: 1900- 1959’, in O. Ikeme’s (ed.), Groundwork of Nigerian History, Ibadan, Historical Society of Nigeria. M. M Gwadabe (2008), Land, Labour and Taxation in Kano Native Authority: The Case of Kumbotso District 1903-1955, PhD Thesis (Zaria: PhD Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University) p. 219. Archival Sources NAK/Yolprof/275P/Kanakuru District Assessment Report Numan Division, 1919...P.9. The boundary was delimitated by Casptain Brackenbury and Mr. Elder in 1917. Yola Prof. 2710C, Ethnology: Kanakuru Tribe ..., P. 51. NAK/Yolprof/ Acc 28/ Yola Provincial Gazetteer, 1927....9 and Maina Shuaibu Isa Dasong. YolaProf.2710C, Ethnology: Kanakuru Tribe (Shelleng) Relation with Bolewa, 1927, p.45. NAK/YolProf/SNP/D.1/Recurrent Reports Numan Division Area,1907-1910.
