From Symbolic Resistance to Coercive Mobilization: Biafra Agitation Under the Jonathan and Buhari Administrations in Nigeria

Alu; Clement Audu; Ph.D

doi:10.56201/jpslr.vol.12.no5.2026.pg1.7

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From Symbolic Resistance to Coercive Mobilization: Biafra Agitation Under the Jonathan and Buhari Administrations in Nigeria

Alu, Clement Audu, Ph.D

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of Biafra secessionist agitation in Nigeria during the administrations of Goodluck Jonathan (2010–2015) and Muhammadu Buhari (2015–2023). Drawing on qualitative data from Key Informant Interviews and documentary analysis, it investigates how governance deficits, perceived political exclusion, and state responses influenced the movement's trajectory. Findings reveal that agitation under Jonathan was largely symbolic, decentralised, and low-intensity, reflecting a phase of latent mobilisation. In contrast, the Buhari administration witnessed an escalation characterised by coercive mobilisation, digital activism, and the emergence of armed structures. Anchored in the Remedial Rights Only Theory, the study argues that this transformation was path-dependent: earlier symbolic resistance created the foundations for later escalation, while securitised state responses narrowed the space for non- violent engagement. It recommends a shift toward inclusive governance, political dialogue, and institutional reforms.

Keywords

Biafra agitationsecessionsymbolic resistancecoercive mobilisationpolitical exclusiongovernance deficits

References

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From Symbolic Resistance to Coercive Mobilization: Biafra Agitation Under the Jonathan and Buhari Administrations in Nigeria

Abstract

Keywords

References

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