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Extrusion Processing and Its Effect on the Texture and Aroma Characteristics of Extrudates from Blends of Aerial Yam and Full- Fat Soybean Flour

Enobong Okon Umoh

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of extrusion process variables on the texture and aroma characteristics of extrudates from blends of aerial yam and full-fat soybean flours. Laboratory scale single-screw extruder was used in extruding blends of aerial yam and soybean flours in the ratio of 25% aerial yam: 75% soybean. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design at three factors, five levels of barrel temperature (95, 100, 105, 110, and 115 °C), screw speed (85, 100, 115, 130, and145 rpm) and feed moisture (31, 33, 35, 37, and 39%) were used in 20 runs. Significant (p < 0.05) regression models, describing the effects of process parameters on the extrudates’ texture and aroma characteristics, were employed. Results obtained showed that the texture and aroma scores ranged from 4.38 to 6.02 for texture; and 4.45 to 7.00 for aroma, respectively. The highest score for texture (6.02) was recorded for the extrudate produced at 110°C barrel temperature, 130 rpm screw speed and 37% feed moisture, while the lowest score of 4.38 was recorded for the extrudates produced at 110 °C barrel temperature, 100 rpm screw speed and 33% feed moisture. Extrudates produced at 110 °C barrel temperature, 100 rpm screw speed and 37% feed moisture had the highest score of 7.00, while extrudate produced at 95 °C barrel temperature, 115rpm screw speed and 35% feed moisture had the least score of 4.45 for aroma. Barrel temperature and screw speed significantly (p < 0.05) affected the texture, while aroma was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the barrel temperature.

Keywords

ExtrudatesExtrusion cookingResponse surfaceAerial yam flourSoybean flourSingle-screw extruder.

References

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