Poverty, Youth Unemployment and Criminality in Kanam Local Government Area: An Empirical Analysis, 2019-2023

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between poverty, youth unemployment, and criminality in Kanam Local Government Area, Nigeria, between 2019 and 2023. The persistent rise in criminal activities among youths in the study area has raised serious concerns among policymakers, community leaders, and security agencies, necessitating an empirical investigation into the socio- economic factors driving such behaviour. The study is anchored on the General Strain Theory, which explains how socio-economic deprivation and blocked opportunities can lead individuals to engage in deviant behaviour. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining questionnaire surveys and relevant secondary data to obtain comprehensive insights into the subject matter. The population of the study comprises unemployed youths, while data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools and supported with relevant literature. Findings from the study reveal that poverty significantly contributes to criminal behaviour among youths, as limited access to basic needs and economic opportunities pushes many into survival-based crimes. The study further establishes a strong relationship between youth unemployment and criminal activities, with many respondents indicating that joblessness increases frustration, idleness, and vulnerability to criminal involvement. It was also found that the most common forms of criminality among youths include theft, drug abuse, armed robbery, and violent group activities, which are largely driven by socio-economic deprivation. Additionally, the study shows that youth criminality has serious implications for socio-economic development, including reduced investment, insecurity, and weakened community cohesion. The study concludes that addressing poverty and youth unemployment is essential for reducing criminal behaviour and enhancing security in the area. It recommends the implementation of sustainable poverty alleviation programmes, P-ISSN 2695 2416 expansion of youth employment and skill acquisition initiatives, and strengthening of community- based security systems to mitigate crime and promote development.

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