Development of A Low-Cost Embedded LPG Gas Leakage Detection And SMS-Based Alert System for Domestic Safety

point or common language for understanding the workflow within a project. IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT 4.5 GSM Module GSM module is used to establish communication between a computer and a GSM system. Global System for Mobile communication is an architecture used for mobile communication in most of the countries.It comprises of the following advantages: i. High gain antenna. ii. Very fast response. iii. Stable performance. iv. Long life Figure 4.6: GSM ModuleUno (Baraka Kim et al. 2019) 4.6 Programming Language used Arduino Uno was programmed using Arduino Software called IDEwhich supports C programming. The code you make on the software is called sketch which is burned in the software and then transferred to the board through USB cable. This board has a built-in boot loader, therefore using an external burner to burn the code into the board is not an option. Once the software has been built and burned into the board, you may unhook the USB wire to ultimately turn off the power. You may power up the board using the power jack or Vin when you want to include it in your project. IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT Figure 4.7: Arduino IDE-Sketch(Bernett & Fioravanti, 2019) A gas and fire leak detector can be a literal life saver. They work in different ways, depending on the gas or fire they are targeted toward, and the device should be used exactly as we describes. Gas and fire leak sensors detect the presence of a combustible or toxic gas and react by displaying a reading, setting off an audible or visual alarm and sends an alert to your phone. This device is positioned in the most appropriate location, like outside a bedroom for a carbon monoxide detector, or near a gas appliance for a combustible gas detector. The sub menus consist of the following; The sensor It detects the presence of a combustible or toxic gas or fire outbreak and react by displaying a reading, setting off an audible or visual alarm. A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The light indicators The device has three light indicators, the red lights that displays if any fault is detected, the green light, this shows that everything is normal and the orange light that indicates warning signal that something is not right. A panel The panel platform holds all the devices used to build the cyber system like the communication circuits and sensor modules and other integrated circuits. A switch IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT This helps to put on the devise and keep it on for reading of signals 4.7 The Systems Specification Cyber Physical System uses Fault Isolator Module on panel intelligent loop communication circuits along with other modules and sensors to address and resolve issues relating to fire outbreak. 4.7.1 Program Module Specification The program module also has a system that turns ON the appropriate light indicator ON in the device and sends signals to the mobile phone upon fire outbreak.This circuit triggers the alert system when smoke or gas leakage is detected. The circuit mainly uses the MOH05 Smoke/Gas sensor and circuit signal to detect and smoke and gas leak. This MOH05 gas sensor is sensible to LPG, Alcohol, and Methane etc. It detects the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in your car or in the house. 4.7.2 Input Output Format The output specification set out the system's requirements to detect fire outbreak in any environment. While the input format will help receive signals of anomaly before the fire outbreak gets out of control. 4.7.3 Algorithm The following steps will be implemented to achieve the desired result of effect fire outbreak. Step One Place the device inside the house Step Two Power ON the device Step Three Turn the sensor ON Step Four Turn on the Bluetooth Step Five Startup the readings Step Eight Start up the ventilation Step Nine Link the device and the Mobile Phone 4.7.4 Data Dictionary A data dictionary is a description of data in business terms, also including information about the data such as data types, details of structure, and security restrictions. Data dictionaries support data warehouses by defining how to use them. The content of the data dictionary often originates from the logical data model, which we use to develop our device. Data dictionaries typically result in higher-quality metadata due to a disciplined and systematic approach to managing definitions. IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT The table 4.1 below explains some aspect of data description and data type values we used. Table 4.1 Data Description Table Column Id Descriptions (Displayed Name) Data Type Character length Acceptable value 001 Housefire nvarChar(150) 50 AlphaNumericChar 002 IntegratedDevice nvarChar(32) 20 n/a 003 Sensor nvarText 430 n/a 004 Fire-affected varChar 178 n/a 005 LPG Char(390) 132 AlphabeticString 4.8 Systems Flow diagram The figure 4.8 above illustrates how the activities of the new systems flow chart will look like 4.9 Systems Implementations Our Systems implementation involves installation of the system developed for the fire outbreak detection it will integrate innovative techniques, which will result to an enhanced smart device, that have an upgraded performance in monitoring, control, data processing. The implementation will also involve selection of appropriate software language that can support the programming platform used in developing the new system. The software program will be installed on every system that the device will be deployed. Systems Requirement Smoke Detector & Fire Outbreak Results Sensor & Signal Collections Systems & Mobile Database IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT Figure 4.3 below show the flow diagram of fire outbreak detection system how, the implantation processes will be affected. Figure 4.9 Fire outbreak detection system flow diagram. 4.9.1 New Systems Requirements The propose system requirement depends on the hardware and software needed to implement the new system. These may include but not limited to hardware specification, database format, programming language justification and documentations. 4.9.1.1 Hardware Requirements The following hardware components are essential for building the LPG Gas Leakage Monitoring and Alert System: 1. Arduino UNO Microcontroller o Description: The Arduino UNO is the main control unit of the system, responsible for processing inputs from the gas sensor and controlling the output devices such as the buzzer, display, and GSM module. It is an open-source, easy-to-use microcontroller board with built- in support for a variety of sensors and devices. 2. 16x2 LCD Display o Description: The 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used to visually display the status of the system, such as 'Gas Leak Detected' or 'Normal Conditions'. This provides Send alert signal to the Smart device Gas leak Pre- process data Analyse Outbreak Test data signals Train using machine learning Validate Test Weight initializatio Sensor Network IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT real-time information to the user about the condition of the system. 3. 12V DC Power Supply o Description: The system requires a 12V DC power supply to provide the necessary voltage to the components such as the Arduino and the GSM module. This power supply can be plugged into the system and will ensure stable operation. 4. 5V Regulated Circuit o Description: A 5V regulated power circuit is used to step down the 12V power supply to a 5V output required by the Arduino and other 5V components. This ensures that the components receive the correct voltage for proper operation. 5. Buzzer o Description: A buzzer is used as an audible alert when a gas leakage is detected. When the sensor detects an LPG leak, the microcontroller sends a signal to activate the buzzer, notifying the user of the danger. 6. LPG Gas Sensor (MQ-5) o Description: The MQ-5 gas sensor is specifically designed to detect the presence of LPG, methane, and other combustible gases. It provides an analog output that the Arduino uses to determine if there is a gas leak in the environment. 7. GSM Module (SIM800) o Description: The GSM module is used for communication. It allows the system to send SMS messages to the predefined phone number(s) in case of a gas leak. The GSM module connects to a mobile network and transmits alerts to users when a gas leak is detected. 8. GSM SIM Card o Description: A GSM SIM card is required to enable the GSM module to send and receive messages. It allows the system to communicate with mobile networks to alert users in case of a gas leakage. 9. Connecting Wires o Description: Various connecting wires are required to interconnect the components. These wires facilitate communication between the microcontroller, sensor, display, buzzer, and GSM module. They come in different lengths and types depending on the setup. 10. Project Base • Description: The project base serves as the physical platform where all the components are mounted and arranged. It provides a stable and organized setup for the system, ensuring that all parts are securely held in place for proper functioning. Summary of Hardware: i. Arduino UNO Microcontroller: Central control unit for managing the system's operation. ii. 16x2 LCD Display: Used for displaying system status messages. iii. 12V DC Power Supply: Powers the system. iv. 5V Regulated Circuit: Steps down the voltage to 5V for Arduino and other components. IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT v. Buzzer: Provides audible alerts when gas leakage is detected. vi. LPG Gas Sensor (MQ-5): Detects LPG gas leakage. vii. GSM Module (SIM800): Sends SMS alerts to users. viii. GSM SIM Card: Enables communication between the GSM module and mobile networks. ix. Connecting Wires: Connects all the components. x. Project Base: Holds and organizes the hardware components for easy setup and operation. These hardware components work together to form a complete LPG gas leakage monitoring and alert system that can detect gas leaks, provide visual and audible alerts, and notify users via SMS. 4.9.1.2 Systems Software Requirements The requirements needed to run the program are: Operating system Flutter Bluetooth software Java Scripts 4.7.2 Program Development The development environment used in developing this project “Design and Implementation of Enhanced Smart System for building Smart Living” are java scripts, htlm, php, java scripts object notation, database systems, google browser and dedicated local host. 4.9.2.1 Choice of Programming Environment The kind of programming language used is dependent on the plat form the software can smoothly run on and the kind of users that it was intended to enhance their productivity, that is, investment decision takers and implementers. The following are the programming language we have chosen for the development of the propose system. 4.9.3 Systems Testing The test run was carried out at various stages of the systems development to cross check if the systems are working perfectly well. This was done based on different module specification. 4.10 Result Fig. 4.10: Complete Prototype IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT Figure 4.11: Assembled Device IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT Figure 4.12: Output report Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Summary This project is very relevant because it covers keep aspect of the system in building smart homes for better living. The objective of the project was to design and implement a gas detector capable of giving warning alert when there is gas leakage. The detector has been designed that uses an ATMEGA328P microcontroller and an MQ-6 gas sensor. The detector shows a green LED to show that there is no gas leakage. When there is a gas leakage the detector flashes a red, triggers sound alarm and SMS alert. The detector has an alarm acknowledgement button that can be used to put off the alarm when necessary. The use of a microcontroller makes the detector to have high accuracy in displaying the gas concentration according to the relationship that exists between the sensor voltage and gas concentration. The detector is low cost. The mass production the detector can IJCSMT IJCSMT IJCSMT go for a low price as N20, 000.00 which would very easily affordable and competitive in the market. The objective of designing a highly accurate low cost a microcontroller-based cooking gas leakage detector has been well achieved. 5.2 Conclusion The development of a low-cost automatic hazard protection system that detects the presence of gas leakage, triggers alarm to alert the occupants of impending hazard and sets-off an SMS to contact numbers was done from the scratch by taking into consideration the standard methods of hardware/software development. This system is made up of the gas detection sensor (MQ6), the thermistor, LM358 operational amplifiers, the ATMEGA328P microcontroller, the output interface, and the alarm unit using C programming Language in Arduino IDE. These various units were integrated together to develop the prototype system. The device was tested using LPG gas and the alarm was activated and SMS alert received as a result of gas leakage. In the wake of the sudden replacement of wood and kerosene by gas cookers for several purposes in Nigeria, gas leakage has caused several damages inour homes, Laboratories among others. Installation of a gas leakage detection device was inspired to eliminate accidents related to gas leakage. 5.3 Recommendations We recommend this project for all homes, offices, companies and establishments all over Nigeria in particular and the world in general since it has room for more improvements. We recommend the inclusion of a fire detector in the system for improve performance. The fire detector can help to inform whether things have gone worse for quick safety actions to be taken. To take this gas detection system to new perfection, the gas can be supplied with a smart regulator which can be turned off remotely or by sending a signal. Thus, when the detector has detected gas leakage even before it sounds the alarm and sends the alerts, the microcontroller should send a signal to switch off the gas. To effectively implement all this good design features a higher level of microcontroller such as Raspberry Pi would be useful. It is a higher-level microcontroller with more pins and features such as priority interrupts which would help to easily incorporate the improvement to this gas leakage detection system. 5.4 Suggestion for Further Research Suggestions for Further Research on the Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller- Based Gas Leakage Detection System. While current systems primarily rely on a single gas sensor (e.g., MQ-5 or MQ-135), future research could explore integrating multiple gas sensors sensitive to various gases (e.g., methane, carbon monoxide, LPG, etc.). This would provide a more accurate and comprehensive gas detection system, reducing false positives and ensuring better safety monitoring. 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