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Status Degradation and Reintegration Failure: Evaluating the Mediating Role of Stigma in the Social and Economic Re-Entry of Former Inmates in Urban Lagos, Nigeria

Akinleke, Wasiu Olaitan PhD, Oluwaniyi John Inioluwa

Abstract

This study examines how social stigma constrains the post-release reintegration of formerly incarcerated persons within the Yaba district of Lagos State, Nigeria. Drawing from critical ideas of Labelling Theory, Reintegrative Shaming Theory, and Social Identity Theory, it demonstrates that stigma constitutes a structural barrier to employment, social participation, and psychological well-being of ex-inmates, thereby causing them to experience low self-esteem, shame, and trauma. Specifically, this study examined how the combination of internalised stigma (diminished self-efficacy) and socially imposed identity mortification significantly impaired the socioeconomic and psychological adjustment process of ex-inmates, thereby subjecting them to adverse outcomes such as social and labour exclusion and recidivism. A descriptive and exploratory survey design was employed to collect primary data from 150 respondents through questionnaires, in- depth interviews, and observation. Findings reveal that societal rejection, family disorganisation, and inadequate post-release support significantly impede reintegration outcomes. Conversely, family support and community acceptance function as critical mediating factors that enhance successful re-entry. The study contributes to African criminological scholarship by providing localised empirical evidence on reintegration failure in high-density urban contexts. It advocates for integrated policy interventions, including public sensitisation, vocational training linked to employment, psychological counselling, and strengthened community-based rehabilitation frameworks.

Keywords

StigmatizationReintegrationSocial acceptanceRecidivism.

References

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