References
Adeloye, D., Ige-Elegbede, J. O., Ezejimofor, M., Owobebi, E. O., Ezejimofor, K., Omodan, C., ... and Adebiyi, A. O. (2021). Estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria in 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine, 53(1), 596– 607. Adeyemi, S. S., Adeyemi, A. F., Ogunbonwo, B. M., & Akinosi, J. O. (2024). Perceived barriers to physical activity among overweight and obese adult patients attending general out- patient clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 2(1), 1–12. Ansari, S., Haboubi, H., & Haboubi, N. (2020). Adult obesity complications; challenges and clinical impact. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11, 2042018820928509. Aremu, S. O., Akute, B., Aremu, D. O., Zando, C., Aremu, E. D., Nwachukwu, O. J., Omosebi, M. O., Akute, V. O., Oluwole, S. T., Barkhadle, A. A., & Aremu, M. O. (2025). Dietary strategies for preventing and managing obesity through evidence-based nutritional interventions. Discover Public Health, 22, Article 424. Ayogu, R. N. B., Maduforo, A. N., & Anyaegbu, O. (2022). Cultural perception and determinants of obesity among adults in South-Eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 26(3), 45–54. Bandura, A. (2021). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26 Champion,V. L., & Skinner, C. S. (2020). The health belief model. In K. Glanz et al. (Eds.), Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice (6th ed.). Jossey-Bass. Ehwarieme, T. A., & Emin, A. (2024). Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among Undergraduate Students in a tertiary institution, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 27(3), 395–401. Ellecom, J. B., Shaw, I., & Adams, G. G. (2022). Obesity in Nigerian Adults and the Associated Cause and Impact on the Population. Journal of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports, 2(1), 112. Hussein, A. F., Hammed, H. A., & Farhood, H. A. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Obesity among Sample of Adults in Baghdad City, Iraq. Azerbaijan Medical Journal, 63(1), 115-119. Jones, C. L., Jensen, J. D., Scherr, C. L., Brown, N. R., Christy, K., & Weaver, J. (2021). The health belief model as an explanatory framework in health behavior research: A systematic review. Health Education & Behaviour, 48(3), 1-12. Kanozire, B., & Pretorius, D. (2023). Obese patients’ dissatisfaction with weight, body image and clinicans’ interaction at a district hospital; Gauteng. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 15(1), Article 3872. Laar, R. A., Shi, S., Ashraf, M. A., Khan, M. N., Bibi, J., & Liu, Y. (2020). Impact of Physical Activity on Challenging Obesity in Pakistan: A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7802. Lingvay, I., Cohen, R. V., le Roux, C. W., & Sumithran, P. (2024). Obesity in adults. The Lancet, 404(10452), 526–538. Olanrewaju, O. I., Bukola, D. O., Odunuga, B. A., & Odugbemi, B. A. (2020). Knowledge of Risk Factors of Obesity by Young Female Adults (19–35 Years) in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Dietitians Association of Nigeria , 11(1), 16–22. Oluwegbemi, A. I., Afolagbe, J. E., & Julian, E. O. (2024). Knowledge of the risk factors and practice of prevention of obesity among undergraduates of Babcock University, Ilishan- Remo, Nigeria. , 14(1). Osurikwo, D. A., Nguku, P. M., Mohammed, A., Umeckonkwo, C. D., Ibrahim, M., & Zoakah, A. I. (2021). Prevalence of obesity and associated factors in Benue State, Nigeria: A population-based study. Annals of African Medicine, 20(1), 18–26. Prince-Edward, R. O. (2024). Obesity epidemiology in Nigeria: Overview. International Journal of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, 5, e83. Ramalan, M. A., Gezewa, I. D., Musa, B. M., Uloko, A. E., & Fakhraddeen, Y. M. (2023). Prevalence and trends of adult overweight and obesity in Nigeria – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 26(1), 173–182. Segun, A., Zhang, B., Mary, A. M., Kibenja, D., Ma, J., Said, S., Adeniyi, I., & Barrow, L. F. (2024). Exploring the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity among Nigerian adults: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1–12. Seyam, M. K. (2024). Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among university students using the newly developed Student Lifestyle and Obesity Risk Questionnaire : A cross-sectional study. PeerJ, 12, e18195. Wiechert, M., & Holzapfel, C. (2021). Nutrition Concepts for the Treatment of Obesity in Adults. Nutrients, 13(12), 4615. World Health Organization . (2023). Obesity and overweight: Key facts. Geneva: WHO. World Health Organization. (2023–2025). Obesity and overweight in low- and middle-income countries. World Obesity Federation. (2023). Global cost of overweight and obesity.