Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Assessment of Changes in the Levels of Erythropoietin and Reticulocyte Index and Correlation with Interleukin-6 in HIV Participants Undergoing Treatment at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi

EKWE, Chukwuemeka Stephen, IBEH, Nancy Chiatogu, OKEKE Chizoba Okechukwu, IHIM, Augustine Chinedum, UMEH, Okechukwu Elijah, MAMA Virginus O

Abstract

Erythropoietin levels have been shown to vary or altered with inflammatory changes in HIV infection. This study was designed to assess the levels of erythropoietin and reticulocyte index in HIV patient undergoing antiretroviral therapy at baseline, four and eight months respectively and correlate the levels with interleukin-6. A total of 160 subjects were recruited for the study. This comprised 80 HIV seropositive subjects (tested at baseline, four and eight months post treatment respectively) and 80 apparently healthy HIV seronegative subjects that served as control. Blood samples were collected and the levels of Erythropoietin, Interleukin 6 and Reticulocyte index were measured using standard methods, after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent of the subjects. ANOVA, t-test and Bonferroni post hoc test were applied in statistical analysis using Statistical package for social sciences version 21. The mean level of erythropoietin and interleukin-6 were significantly higher at baseline measurement compared with the levels at 8th month treatment and also higher at 4th month treatment compared to the level at 8th month treatment. However, the levels of these parameters did not vary between baseline values and at 4th month treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, the mean levels of reticulocyte index and interleukin-6 were significantly lower at baseline when compared with the values in the control subjects. However, the mean level of erythropoietin did not differ significantly when compared between baseline and the control group. Additionally, there were significant strong positive correlation between erythropoietin and interleukin 6 at baseline (r=0.554, P=0.029), at 4th month (r=0.552, P=0.027) and at 8th month (r=0.659, P= 0.005). This study identified variations in erythropoietin and interleukin-6 in HIV infected subjects at different treatment durations and a significant relationship between interleukin-6 levels and erythropoietin at P- ISSN 2695-2165 different treatment durations. This suggests that inflammation could modulate the levels of erythropoietin and occurrence of anaemia in HIV infected patients. Key words: Erythropoietin, Reticulocyte, Interleukins, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy.

Keywords

ErythropoietinReticulocyteInterleukinsHIVAntiretroviral therapy.

References

Abonyo C., Shaviya N., Budambula V., Were T. (2020). Anemia Burden, Types and Associated Risk Factors among Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co- infected injection substance users. Ethiop. J. Health Sci., 30(5): 661- 670. https//doi .org/10.4314/ejhs vs 3015.4. Acharya S. R., Timisina D., Acharya S. (2024). Association between blood hemoglobin levels, anemia and body mass index in children and women of Myanmar; Findings from a nationally representative health study. Scientific Reports, 14(1): 32020.https//doi.org/10.1038/541598-024-83684-x Ambler K.L.S., Vickars L.M., Leger C.S. (2012). Clinical features, treatment and outcome of HIV –associated immune thrombocytopenia in HAART era. Advances in Hematology. 2012:910954. https//doi.org/10.1155/2012/910954 Cao G., Wang V., Wu Y., Jing W., Liu J., Liu M. (2022). Prevalence of anemia among people living with HIV. A systematic review and meta-analysis. E clinical medicine, 44: 101283 https//doi .org/10.1016. eclnm 2022.101283. Ferede G., Wondimeneh Y. (2013). Prevalence and related factors of anemia in HAART –naïve HIV positive patients at Gonder University Hospital North West Ethiopia Bio Med Central Hematology, 13: 8. Funderburg T.N., Jiang Y., Debanne S.M., Storer N., Labbato D., Clagett B. (2013) treatment reduces markers of monocyte activation in HIV infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infec Dis. 58: 588-595. Kalinjuma A.V., Hussey H., Mollel G.J., Legtang E., Battegay M., Glass T.R., Paris D., Vanobberghen F., Weisser M. (2023). Group, on behalf of the K. study. Body mass index trends and its impact of under and overweight on the outcome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in rural Tanzania: A prospective cohort study. PLOS ONE, 18 (8), e0290445 https //doi.org/10.1371/ Journal. pone.0290445. Kuller L.H., Tracy R., Belloso W. (2008). Inflammatory and Coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. Public Library of Medicine; 5: e203. Mitterstiller A.M., von Raffay L., Nairz M. (2020). Iron deficiency, Anemia and immune system. In C.D. Karakochuk M.B., Zimmermann D., Moretti Kraemerk , Nutritional International Publishing https: // doi .org /10.1007/978-3-031-14521-6-18. Mohajan D., Mohajan H.K. (2023). Body Mass Index is a popular Anthropometric Tools to Measure Obesity among adults. J Innov Med, 2(4), Article 4. https//www.paradigm press. Org/jim/view/ 578. Nehaus J., Jacobs D.R., Jr Baker J.V. (2010). Makers of inflammation, coagulation and renal function are elevated in adults with HIV infection. J. Infect. Dis 201: 1788-1795. Obeagu E.I., Obeagu G.U., UkibeN.R., Oyebadejo S.A. (2024). Anemia, iron and I terconnected pathways. A review. Medicine 103 (2): e36937. https//doi.org/10.1097/MD .000000000036937. Obeagu E.I., Okoroiwu I.I., Ezimah A.C.U. (2016). Evaluation of serum erythropoietin levels in chronic kidney disease patients in Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Nigeria. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biol. Med.1(4): 15-21 Okeke C.O., Amilo G.I., Ifeanyichukwu M.O., Ochiabuto M.T.B, Onyemelukwe A.O., Ibekailo S.N. (2014). Effect of HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy Duration on Reticulocyte Count and Red Cell Indices. International Blood Research & Reviews 2(4): 187-197. Omosigho O.P., Ayodele O.I., Asonye L.N. (2024). Gender disparity in the reticulocyte count of P- ISSN 2695-2165 HIV –positive patients on HAARTS Management in Ilorin J. Clin. Exp. Hematopathol; 3 (1): 22- 28. Peters L., Neuhaus J., Duprez D. (2006). Biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation and microbial translocation in HIV/HCV co-infected patients in the SMART study, J. Clin. Virol.; 60 :295-300. Raji D.S. (2009). Role of interleukin-6 in the anemia of chronic disease. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism ;8 :382-388. UNAIDS (2020). Global HIV / AIDS Statistics https//www.unaids.org/sites/default/files /media- asset/ UNAIDS-Factsheet en.pdf.

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia Odorata Against Some Isolates of Wound Among Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Kano Metropolis

Author: Kamal Abdulkadir Muhammad, Ismaila Ahmed, Lawan Danjuma, Raliya Sulaiman, Dauda, Isah Musa Bebeji, Zubairu Sani Ibrahim, Yahaya Ubah Yau, Binta Kabir, Muhammad, and Mukhtar Aminu Bala, Corresponding author

Prevalence and Prevention of Health Problems Among Inmates in Agodi Gate Correctional Centre, Ibadan

Author: John Betiku, a, Oluwabunmi Hannah Aremo, b, Emmanuel Olusegun Abe, a, Rachael, Omotomilayo Ajayi, c, Adenike Kaosarat Alabi, d, Kelechi Princess John, d, orcid ---