Assessment of Changes in the Levels of Erythropoietin and Reticulocyte Index and Correlation with Interleukin-6 in HIV Participants Undergoing Treatment at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi
Abstract
Erythropoietin levels have been shown to vary or altered with inflammatory changes in HIV infection. This study was designed to assess the levels of erythropoietin and reticulocyte index in HIV patient undergoing antiretroviral therapy at baseline, four and eight months respectively and correlate the levels with interleukin-6. A total of 160 subjects were recruited for the study. This comprised 80 HIV seropositive subjects (tested at baseline, four and eight months post treatment respectively) and 80 apparently healthy HIV seronegative subjects that served as control. Blood samples were collected and the levels of Erythropoietin, Interleukin 6 and Reticulocyte index were measured using standard methods, after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent of the subjects. ANOVA, t-test and Bonferroni post hoc test were applied in statistical analysis using Statistical package for social sciences version 21. The mean level of erythropoietin and interleukin-6 were significantly higher at baseline measurement compared with the levels at 8th month treatment and also higher at 4th month treatment compared to the level at 8th month treatment. However, the levels of these parameters did not vary between baseline values and at 4th month treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, the mean levels of reticulocyte index and interleukin-6 were significantly lower at baseline when compared with the values in the control subjects. However, the mean level of erythropoietin did not differ significantly when compared between baseline and the control group. Additionally, there were significant strong positive correlation between erythropoietin and interleukin 6 at baseline (r=0.554, P=0.029), at 4th month (r=0.552, P=0.027) and at 8th month (r=0.659, P= 0.005). This study identified variations in erythropoietin and interleukin-6 in HIV infected subjects at different treatment durations and a significant relationship between interleukin-6 levels and erythropoietin at P- ISSN 2695-2165 different treatment durations. This suggests that inflammation could modulate the levels of erythropoietin and occurrence of anaemia in HIV infected patients. Key words: Erythropoietin, Reticulocyte, Interleukins, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy.
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