Optimizing Thermal Efficiency in Compact Heat Exchangers in Nigeria: A Review of Design Strategies and Performance Enhancement Techniques

Adetola, L.B., Anyaegbuna B. E., & Fayomi, O. S. I. A Review of Surface Active Coatings for Sprinkler Pipes in Building Services Application, 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG), Omu-Aran, Nigeria, 2024, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/SEB4SDG60871.2024.10630170. Ajeeb, W., da Silva, R. R. T., & Murshed, S. S. (2023). Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance of Al2O3 nanofluids in a compact plate heat exchanger. Applied Thermal Engineering, 218, 119321. Asokan, N., Gunnasegaran, P., & Wanatasanappan, V. V. (2020). Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of compact heat exchanger and the rheological properties of low concentration mono and hybrid nanofluids containing Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 20, 100727. Das, P., Kar, S. P., & Sarangi, R. K. (2022). Review on thermal performance of heat exchanger using phase change material. International Journal of Energy Research, 46(12), 16208- 16240. Ehsan, M. M., Noor, S., Salehin, S., & Islam, A. S. (2016). Application of nanofluid in heat exchangers for energy savings. In Thermofluid modeling for energy efficiency applications (pp. 73-101). Academic Press. Energy Commission of Nigeria. (2019). Nigeria Energy Efficiency Policy. Geete, A., & Pathak, R. (2019). Effect of surface roughness on the performance of heat exchanger. SN Applied Sciences, 1(8), 901. Guo, Z. (2020). A review on heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 27(1). Hou, S., Li, J., Shen, G., Sun, M., & Zhang, S. (2023). Research on the audible acoustic field- enhanced heat transfer of double-pipe exchangers: effect of laminar flow and turbulence, vertical and horizontal placement of pipes. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 147, 106979. Incropera, F. P., et al. (2007). Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons. Khan, A. (2020). Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Nanofluids for Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Application in Different Flow Configuration Passages (Master's thesis, University of Malaya (Malaysia)). Khan, M. A., Ilyas, M., Waheed, K., Haq, I., & Aydogan, F. (2025). Advances in passive heat transfer enhancement for heat exchangers: a comprehensive review. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 11(4), 1148-1159. Kumar, A., Awasthi, M. K., & Dutt, N. (2024). Nanofluidic applications in sustainable food technology and agriculture. In Nanofluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomenon (pp. 224-242). CRC Press. Kumar, A., Dutt, N., & Awasthi, M. K. (Eds.). (2024). Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques: Thermal Performance, Optimization and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. Kumar, V., & Jha, K. (2020). Effects of convergent–divergent vortex finders on the performance of cyclone separators using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Simulation, 96(1), 31-42. Liao, G., Li, Z., Zhang, F., Liu, L., & E, J. (2021). A review on the thermal-hydraulic performance and optimization of compact heat exchangers. Energies, 14(19), 6056. Mahomed, F. (2023). The effect of large values of relative surface roughness on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in the laminar, transitional, quasi-turbulent, and turbulent flow regimes (Master's thesis, University of Pretoria (South Africa)). IJEMT Mazaheri, N., Bahiraei, M., & Razi, S. (2021). Two-phase analysis of nanofluid flow within an innovative four-layer microchannel heat exchanger: Focusing on energy efficiency principle. Powder Technology, 383, 484-497. Mohammed, A. M., Kapan, S., Sen, M., & Celik, N. (2021). Effect of vibration on heat transfer and pressure drop in a heat exchanger with turbulator. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 28, 101680. Najafi, H., Najafi, B., & Hoseinpoori, P. (2011). Energy and cost optimization of a plate and fin heat exchanger using genetic algorithm. Applied thermal engineering, 31(10), 1839- 1847. National Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Nigerian Manufacturing Sector Summary Report. Nithya, M., M, S. V., & Chinnasamy, S. (2025). Advances in plate heat exchangers: A comprehensive review on performance enhancement techniques and emerging optimization concepts. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 239(14), 5743-5765. Olodu, D. D., Erameh, A., & Inegbedion, F. (2025). Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Thermal Power Plants through Waste Heat Recovery Technologies. Natural and Applied Sciences Journal, 8(2), 53-68. Rao, R. V., Saroj, A., Ocloń, P., & Taler, J. (2020). Design Optimization of Heat Exchangers with Advanced Optimization Techniques: A Review: RV Rao et al. Archives of computational methods in engineering, 27(2), 517-548. Ribeiro, F., de Conde, K. E., Garcia, E. C., & Nascimento, I. P. (2020). Heat transfer performance enhancement in compact heat exchangers by the use of turbulators in the inner side. Applied Thermal Engineering, 173, 115188. Tokhtarov, Z., Perov, V., Borisov, V., Tikhomirov, E., Grunina, O., Kapustina, N., ... & Suray, N. (2022). Experimental investigation of two-phase flow maldistribution in plate heat exchangers. Fluid Dynamics and Materials Processing, 18(4), 1015-1024. Tu, S. T., & Zhou, G. Y. (2015). Compact heat exchangers in clean energy systems. Handbook of clean energy systems, 1-20. Wang, G., Zhang, Z., Wang, R., & Zhu, Z. (2020). A review on heat transfer of nanofluids by applied electric field or magnetic field. Nanomaterials, 10(12), 2386. Yang, P., Ling, W., Tian, K., Zeng, M., & Wang, Q. (2023). Flow distribution and heat transfer performance of two-phase flow in parallel flow heat exchange system. Energy, 270, 126957. Yoon, S., Lee, S. R., & Go, G. H. (2015). Evaluation of thermal efficiency in different types of horizontal ground heat exchangers. Energy and buildings, 105, 100-105. Zhang, Z., Mehendale, S., Tian, J., & Li, Y. (2017). Experimental investigation of two-phase flow distribution in plate-fin heat exchangers. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 120, 34-46. Sreedev, D. Erfan, R., Tracey, Z., Nicholas, L., Junwon, S., Anthony, R., Parth, V. & Vinod, N, (2924). Design and techno economic optimization of an additively manufactured compact heat exchanger for high temperature and high pressure applications. Applied Thermal Engineering, 1 - 22. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/ Efemena, N. A. & Muwarure, P.O. (2025). Thermal Performance Optimization of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Using Simulation Based Design Enhancements. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 8(9), 1-3 Cengel, Y. (2010). Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer. McGraw-Hill Education. IJEMT Abeykoon, C. (2014). Improving the Performance of Shell and-Tube Heat Exchangers by the Addition of Swirl. International Journal of Process Systems and Engineering, 2(3), 221-245, 2014. Adefila, S. S., Adeniyi, A. G., & Tijani, M. O. (2019). Energy Efficiency Improvement in Nigeria's Thermal Power Plants: A Case Study of Heat Exchanger Optimization. International Journal of Energy Engineering, 12(3), 198-213 Odetunde, I. F., Osunmuyiwa, O., & Balogun, A. O. (2018). Heat Exchanger Efficiency in Nigerian Refineries: Challenges and Solutions. International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, 4(2), 21-35 Olowookere, T. A., Ajayi, O. O., & Adeyemi, B. O. (2021). Performance evaluation of heat exchangers and their impact on energy efficiency in industrial applications. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(8), 11234–11245. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6789 Ubani, A. C., Mark, U. I. & Ochogwu, E. B. (2025) performance analysis and optimization of heat exchangers in mechanical engineering systems. Procedia of Engineering and Medical Sciences, 9(2), 10-18. Okonkwo, E. G., Adedayo, S. M., & Akpan, E. E. (2020). Fouling in Nigerian Oil Refinery Heat Exchangers: Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Strategies. Nigerian Journal of Industrial Engineering, 17(2), 112-124 Kumar, P., Tiwari, P., & Sharma, A. (2022). Computational Approaches for Heat Exchanger Design Optimization. Applied Thermal Science and Engineering, 42, 103567 Mahian, O., Kianifar, A., Kalogirou, S. A., Pop, I., & Wongwises, S. (2013). A review of the applications of nanofluids in solar energy. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 57(2), 582–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.10.037 Okoro, J. O., Bolarinwa, T. A., & Nwachukwu, I. K. (2021). Nanofluid Applications in Heat Exchangers for Sustainable Energy Systems in Nigeria. Journal of Energy Research, 6(1), 78-92. Adun, O. T., Ayodele, K. S., & Ojo, A. O. (2022). Performance Evaluation of Nanofluid- Enhanced Heat Exchangers in Nigerian Solar Energy Applications. Journal of Engineering Research and Practice, 8(1), 45-59 Sundén, B. & Faghri, M. (2019). Transport phenomena in heat exchangers. WIT Press Mao, J., Ma,X,. Zhao, F., Wang, G., Zhu, L., Wang, Z., Yang, H., Zhang, W., Zhu, Z. & Wei, Y. (2024). A novel design to enhance the heat transfer and reduce pressure drop of heat exchangers based on multi-objective optimization. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407790.2025.2540782 Liao, G.; Li, Z.; Zhang, F.; Liu, L.; E, J. A Review on the Thermal-Hydraulic Performance and Optimization of Compact Heat Exchangers. Energies 2021, 14, 6056. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196056 Oligee, Z. Knight, R. & Tsolas, N. (2023). 'A Numerical Study of Compact Fin Array Geometries to Improve Additively Manufactured Heat Exchanger Performance,' 2023 22nd IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems , Orlando, FL, USA, 2023, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/ITherm55368.2023.10177583. Tantiwanichapan, K. & Durmaz, H.(2023). 'Improvement of Response Time and Heat- Transfer Capacity of Metamaterial Absorber for Terahertz Detector Applications,' in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4700-4706, 1 March1, 2023, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3238320. Sibtain, M. Liang, H. Uddin, M. R. Mond, M. A. Ansari A. A & Khan, M. Z. U. (2023). 'Investigating the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Finprolonged Heat Exchanger for IJEMT Waste Heat Recovery,' 2023 14th International Conference on Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing Technologies , Cape Town, South Africa, 2023, pp. 234-237, doi: 10.1109/ICMIMT59138.2023.10201099. Heydari, A. (2023). 'An investigation of multi-parameters effects on the performance of liquid- to-liquid heat exchangers in rack level cooling,' 2023 22nd IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems , Orlando, FL, USA, 2023, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ITherm55368.2023.10177525. Linares et al, 'Carnot Battery Based on Brayton Supercritical CO2 Thermal Machines Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy as a Low-Temperature Source,' Energies, vol. 16, (9), pp. 3871, 2023. Available: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly- journals/carnotbattery-based-on-brayton-supercritical-co/docview/2812460805/se-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093871. Lipnický M. & Brodnianská, Z. (2023). 'Enhancement of Heat Dissipation from the Hydraulic System Using a Finned Adaptive Heat Exchanger,' Applied Sciences, 13(9), 5479, https://www.proquest.com/scholarlyjournals/enhancement-heat-dissipation- hydraulicsystem/docview/2812407318/se-2.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095479.