Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Struggles of Labour Unions for Policy Space in Nigeria’s Health Sector and the Question of Strategic Leadership Skills: The Case of National Association of Resident Doctors (NARD).

Haruna DABIN, mni, PhD

Abstract

Effective governance of public institutions is critical to national development. In Nigeria, persistent challenges in public policy formulation, strategic leadership, and institutional governance have constrained service delivery, weakened public trust, and undermined socio- economic progress, especially in the health sector. This paper examines the foundations of public policy and governance, the challenge of strategic leadership in the performance of public institutions in the Nigerian context, with emphasis on policy-making processes, leadership quality, and governance reforms. It concludes with implications for policy practitioners, including resident doctors who operate within public and private health institutions. Key policy considerations are for Resident Doctors, as key stakeholders in public health, to apply strategic leadership skills in their engagements with governance structures, to contribute to policy deliberations in a strategic manner, and to adopt strategic leadership practices within their institutions. Also, addressing these systemic challenges in the health sector requires collective efforts from institutional leaders, policy actors, and civil society to foster governance cultures that are long-term, accountable, adaptive, and oriented toward overall societal well-being.

References

AllAfrica. (2025). Nigeria: PHC Reforms and Health Sector Events. AllAfrica. (2025). Nigeria: Resident Doctors implement 24-Hour Shift Limit. https://allafrica.com/stories/202510020116.html. Anaemene, B. U. (2012). Health Sector Reform and Sustainable Development in Africa. Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology. Aregbeshola, B. S. (2017). Primary Health Care in Nigeria: 24 Years after Olikoye. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PMC5346888. Ashade, O. A., & Osawe, C. O. (2025). Participatory governance: Assessing the facilitative leadership role of traditional rulers in the implementation of a decentralised policy in Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(2), 2890– 2902. Bangura, I. (2023). The role of leadership styles in the administration of government institutions. International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 7(12), 69–83. BusinessDay NG. (2025, September 28). Brain drain, deteriorating infrastructures, equipment, hampering effective healthcare delivery – NARD laments. Croke, K. (2024). Health Reform in Nigeria: The Politics of Primary Health Care and Universal Health Coverage. Health Policy and Planning. Crowford W. Loritts Jr (2009), Leadership as an Identity, Moody Press, Chicago, USA Faustina Oduro Twum (2021), Why Strategies Fail? A Review on Strategy Implementation, August 2021, The International Journal of Business & Management 9(8), DOI: 10.24940/theijbm/2021/v9/i8/BM2108-051. Published at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356150555_Why_Strategies_Fail_A_Review_o n_Strategy_Implementation. Ferrazzi, Keith with Paul Hill (2024). Never lead alone: 10 shifts from leadership to teamship. Happer Business Inc, New York, USA Ganiyu, A. D., Godowolli, H. A., & Oritsedurotimi, L. J. (2025). Governance, good governance, organized leadership and meaningful development: The Nigerian experience. Journal of Public Administration and Governance. HealthReporters. (2025). One doctor attends to 9,083 patients in Nigeria – NARD. https://healthreporters.info/one-doctor-attends-9083-patients-in-nigeria-nard/. https://professional.dce.harvard.edu/blog/why-strategic-leadership-matters/ https://www.brightonsbm.com/news/the-importance-of-strategic-leadership-in-shaping-success- 0/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359897252_The_Role_of_Strategic_Leadership_in_Su pporting_Strategic_Planning_and_Increasing_Organizational_Competitiveness James A. Autry (2001), The Servant Leader, Three Rivers Press, New York James Malcomb, David Hamilton and Howard Malmstardt (2000), Courageous Leaders Transforming their World, YWAM Publishing, Seattle, USA Kate Gibson (2023), Five Reasons Strategy Execution Fails, https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/why-do-strategic-plans-fail. Harvard Business School Online. Keith Harrell (2005), Attitude is everything, Harper Collins Publishers Inc, New York Myles Munroe (2008), The Spirit of Leadership, Whitaker House Press, New Kingston, USA NARD – Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors. (n.d.). Advancing excellence in medical residency. Retrieved from https://nardng.org/nard/ E-ISSN 2504-883X P-ISSN 2695 2432 National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies. (2025). About NIPSS. Nicola Nixon (2025). Navigating policy spaces: Civil society and policy influence in Indonesia and the Philippines. Published by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and The Asia Foundation. PolicySpaces2025.pdf Nigeria234. (2025). The State of Nigeria’s Health Sector: Strategic Reforms and Trajectories. Okorie, O. S., & Egbe, J. A. (2025). Achieving good governance in Nigeria: A roadmap through public sector reform. Klover Journal of Law and Public Policy, 13(2), 1–23. Paul J. H. Schoemaker, Steve Krupp, and Samantha Howland (2013), Strategic leadership: The essential skills, February 2013, Harvard Business Review 91(1-2):131-4, 147 Paul Sacco (2020), Strategy Quest: The Executive Guide to Finding Business Opportunities, Tellwell Talent Inc, USA. Peoples Gazette Nigeria. (2025). Strike: Our demands reasonable, targeted to overhaul Nigeria’s healthcare, say resident doctors. https://gazettengr.com/strike-our-demands- reasonable-targeted-to-overhaul-nigerias-healthcare-say-resident-doctors/. Pillah, T. P. (2023). Navigating the public policy process: A comprehensive guide to development, analysis and management in Nigeria. Journal of Public Administration, Policy and Governance Research, 1(2), 39–47. Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre . (2025). Advancing democratic governance in Nigeria. Premium Times. (2025). PHC reforms, disease outbreaks, other events that shaped Nigeria’s health sector in 2025. Punch Nigeria. (2025). Anatomy of Tinubu’s gains in the health sector. Reuters. (2025, September 12). Nigerian public doctors strike over pay and welfare issues. RipplesNigeria. (2025). Resident doctors to convene emergency meeting to assess govt’s response. https://ripplesnigeria.com/resident-doctors-to-convene-emergency-meeting- saturday-to-assess-govts-response-to-ultimatum/. Sahara Reporters. (2025, July 5). Nigerian resident doctors reject new allowance structure released by wages commission. Scribd.(2025). NARD Press Release 03-11-2025. https://www.scribd.com/document/944105220/Nard-Press-Release-03-11-2025. The Nation Newspaper. (2024). President Tinubu’s health reforms: The outcomes. ThisDayLive. (2025). The ultimatum of resident doctors. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/04/the-ultimatum-of-resident-doctors/ ThisDayLive. (2026, January 7). FG explains dispute with resident doctors, says allegation of neglect false. Uneke, C. J., Ezeoha, A. E., Ndukwe, C. D., Oyibo, P. G., & Onwe, F. D. (2012). Enhancing leadership and governance competencies to strengthen health systems in Nigeria: Assessment of organizational human resources development. Healthy Policy, 7(3), 73– 84. Vanguard News. (2025, June 2). ‘Hold governments accountable for healthcare services’, resident doctors told. Vanguard News. (2026, January 7). FG says structural, policy issues not neglect responsible for doctors strike.

More Articles from JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LEADERSHIP RESEARCH

The Political Economy of Party Defection in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic

Author: Michun Wakili Dickson, Sabo Okonu 3Irene Chinasa Kekeocha-Christopher

Leadership Support Systems and Organizational Growth in Deposit Money Banks: Evidence from Rivers State, Nigeria

Author: Anireh, Uchenna Nicholas, Onwuanaku, Blessing, Happiness Nwanyi Elekwachi

The Challenges of Adopting the Responsibility to Protect in the Russian/Ukraine War

Author: Richard ThankGod Wabali Chimezie Chukwuemeka Eze