Effect of Ethanol Extract of Spinach Leaf on Haematological Parameters and Lipid Profile of Broilers

Zitte; Leelee F.; Akpan; Ididion

doi:10.56201/ijaes.vol.12.no3.2026.pg103.108

📄 Download Paper

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Spinach Leaf on Haematological Parameters and Lipid Profile of Broilers

Zitte, Leelee F. and Akpan, Ididion

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of spinach leaf (Spinacia oleracea) on hematological parameters and lipid profiles of broilers. Five groups were tested: Group 1 (control) received no extract, while Groups 2-5 received 4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, and 16 mg/kg doses, respectively. The treatment was carried out daily for 28 days before the blood was collected through the vein for laboratory analysis. The lab result was statistically analysed to compare the different groups results. Results indicated that the PCV significantly increased (p<0.05) in Group 3 (36.75 ± 1.54) compared to Group 1 (32 ± 2.08), and HB showed a moderate increase (p<0.05) in Group 3 (12.9 ± 0.45) over Group 1 (11.7 ± 0.52). RBC was highest in Group 2 (7.75±0.18× 106/μL), compared to the control (5.03 ± 1.83 × 106/μL). . WBC showed no significant changes. PLT increased significantly (p<0.05) in Groups 2 and 4 (214.25 ± 10.02, 227 ± 5.43), while MCHC increased significantly (p<0.05) in Groups 2 and 3 (34.4 ± 0.35, 33.55 ± 0.43). For lipid profiles, TG and VLDL increased significantly (p<0.05) in Group 5 (1.64 ± 0.71, 0.75 ± 0.03), and HDL increased significantly (p<0.05) in Group 5 (1.74 ± 0.06) compared to Group 1 (1.47 ± 0.05). TC and LDL showed no significant changes. Eosinophil and monocyte counts decreased significantly (p<0.05) in Group 4 (1.5 ± 0.29, 4.75 ± 0.48), suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. This finding state that spinach extract enhances blood and lipid health at moderate doses, with high doses requiring caution due to increased fat levels.

Keywords

Spinach extractHaematological parametersLipid profilePoultry nutritionNatural supplementsBroilersPlant-based additives

References

Chowdhury, R., et al. (2018). Sustainable alternatives in poultry feed. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 12(3), 45-58. (Referenced indirectly) Gadde, U., Kim, W. H., Oh, S. T., &Lillehoj, H. S. (2017). Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance in poultry. Animal Health Research Reviews, 18(1), 26-45. Huang, D., et al. (2019). Immune cell proliferation stability in poultry nutrition. Immunology of Farm Animals, 19(4), 45-62. Johnson, C. P., et al. (2017). Effects of plant supplements on lipid profiles. Agricultural Biochemistry, 15(5), 112-121. (Referenced indirectly) Johnson, C. P., et al. (2020). Managing lipid profiles with dietary plant supplements. Agricultural Science Innovations, 17(6), 212-220. Kim, S., & Park, H. (2021). Effects of vitamin K on platelet production in poultry. Veterinary Haematology, 16(1), 97-102. Lee, Y. S., et al. (2019). Oxidative stress and RBC production in poultry. Poultry Science, 15(9), 34-41. Mohamed, A. A., et al. (2018). Bioactive compound isolation in leafy vegetables. Phytochemistry Reviews, 11(2), 34-48. Pandey, K. B., Rizvi, S. I., &Sawhney, R. C. (2020). Spinach leaf: A review on its bioactive compounds. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 18, 100201. Rahman, M. M., Ali, S., &Haque, M. (2021). Lipid metabolism impact of leafy greens in animal models. Nutrition and Lipid Science, 35(4), 345-352. Silva, R., et al. (2019). Cardiovascular health effects of leafy greens in broilers. Journal of Poultry Nutrition, 24(3), 78-85. Torres, E. G., & Alvarez, M. A. (2020). Immunological stability in poultry with plant extracts. Avian Immunology Journal, 21(2), 112-120. Zhang, H., et al. (2020). Iron content and erythropoiesis in broilers. Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, 22(7), 56-63.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Spinach Leaf on Haematological Parameters and Lipid Profile of Broilers

Abstract

Keywords

References

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND EARTH SCIENCE