Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Chain of Essential Drugs on Primary Health Centers

Prof. Innime Righteous, PhD

Abstract

The study examined the influence of leadership lapses on membership cohesion and growth in the Redeemed Christian Church of God Zones and Areas in Rivers Province II. Leadership is critical in religious organizations as it not only directs administrative processes but also fosters spiritual guidance, relational unity, and organizational growth. The study employed a descriptive survey design to gather data from a sample of 100 respondents, including zonal pastors, area pastors, parish leaders, and active church members. A structured questionnaire was used as the primary instrument, divided into sections capturing demographic data and perceptions of leadership practices, cohesion, and growth. Data collected were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, and Chi-Square (χ2) statistics to test the research hypothesis. Findings revealed that lapses in leadership—such as weak communication, inadequate pastoral oversight, and poor conflict management—negatively affect both membership cohesion and church growth. The study concluded that effective, transformational leadership is essential for sustaining unity, enhancing participation in church programs, and promoting both numerical and qualitative growth. Recommendations were made for leadership training, mentorship programs, and strategic planning to strengthen the capacity of zone and area pastors to lead effectively.

References

Yadav, P. (2015). Health Product Supply Chains in Developing Countries: Diagnosis of the Root Causes of Underperformance and an Agenda for Reform. Health Systems & Reform, 1(2), 142-154. Kumar, A., & Chakraborty, S. (2018). A digitalized pharmaceutical supply chain: Fulfilling the vision of right drug, right patient, right time, right cost. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 11(1), 1-8. World Health Organization. (2019). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Geneva: World Health Organization. Singh, P., & Smith, J. (2017). Supply chain management in healthcare: a comprehensive review. The International Journal of Logistics Management. Lee, H. L., & Ozer, O. (2011). Unlocking the value of RFID. Production and Operations Management, 16(1), 40-64. Min, H., & Zhou, G. (2012). Supply chain modeling: past, present and future. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 43(1-2), 231-249. Flynn, B. B., Huo, B., & Zhao, X. (2010). The impact of supply chain integration on performance: A contingency and configuration approach. Journal of Operations Management, 28(1), 58-71. Ponomarov, S. Y., & Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The International Journal of Logistics Management. Seuring, S., & Müller, M. (2008). From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management. Journal of cleaner production, 16(15), 1699- 1710. Syntetos, A. A., Boylan, J. E., & Croston, J. D. (2005). On the categorization of demand patterns. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 56(5), 495-503. Uzochukwu, B., Ughasoro, M., Etiaba, E., Okwuosa, C., Envuladu, E., & Onwujekwe, O. (2015). Health care financing in Nigeria: Implications for achieving universal health coverage. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 18(4), 437-444. Oleribe, O., Taylor-Robinson, S., D. (2017). Before sustainable development goals : why Nigeria failed to achieve the millennium development goals . Pan African Medical Journal, 26, 64. Onwujekwe, O., Uzochukwu, B., Dike, N., Uguru, N., Nkoli, E., & Eze, S. (2010). Malaria treatment perceptions, practices and influences on provider behaviour: comparing hospitals and non-hospitals in south-east Nigeria. Malaria Journal, 9, 181. Ezeoke, O., Ezumah, N., Chandler, C., Mangham-Jefferies, L., Onwujekwe, O., Wiseman, V., & Uzochukwu, B. (2012). Exploring health providers’ and community perceptions and experiences with malaria tests in South-East Nigeria: a critical step towards appropriate treatment. Malaria Journal, 11, 368. Oyeyemi, A., Ogunleye, O., & Sanyaolu, A. (2018). Evaluating the effect of innovative motivation and supervision on the performance of community health workers in Nigeria. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 9(1), 723. Kumar, S., & Ozdamar, L. (2015). The role of IT in the supply chain of essential drugs: A developing country perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 165, 114-129. Yadav, P. (2015). Health product supply chains in developing countries: Diagnosis of the root causes of underperformance and an agenda for reform. Health Systems & Reform, 1(2), 142-154. Singh, P., Tatambhotla, A., Kalvakuntla, R., & Chokshi, M. (2016). Understanding public drug procurement in India: A comparative qualitative study of five Indian states. BMJ Open, 6(2), e009838. Sharma, A., & Garg, S. (2017). Public-private partnerships in India’s health sector: Lessons from the Punjab. Health Policy and Planning, 32(8), 1132-1141. Gupta, S., & Prakash, V. (2018). Monitoring and evaluation in health supply chains: A systematic literature review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 11, 28. Kumar, M., & De, P. (2019). Mobile health technology (mHealth) for improving primary healthcare services in India. Health Policy and Technology, 8(4), 394-399. Yadav, P. (2015). Health Product Supply Chains in Developing Countries: Diagnosis of the Root Causes of Underperformance and an Agenda for Reform. Health Systems & Reform, 1(2), 142-154. Hasselberg, E., Goentzel, J., & Hossein, A. (2018). Supply Chain Management for Health Systems: Case Studies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. European Journal of Operational Research, 269(3), 1023-1034. World Health Organization. (2019). Access to Medicines: Making Market Forces Serve the Poor. Geneva: WHO. Kumar, A., & De, P. (2016). Access to Healthcare and Patterns of Discrimination: A Study of Dalit Children in Selected Villages of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 34(1), 11. Singh, P., Tatambhotla, A., Kalvakuntla, R., & Chokshi, M. (2017). Understanding public drug procurement in India: a comparative qualitative study of five Indian states. BMJ Open, 7(2), e013846. Yadav, P. (2015). Health Product Supply Chains in Developing Countries: Diagnosis of the Root Causes of Underperformance and an Agenda for Reform. Health Systems & Reform, 1(2), 142-154. World Health Organization. (2018). Addressing the global shortage of, and access to, medicines and vaccines. Report by the Director-General. Kumar, A., & Deoker, A. (2017). A study on the supply chain readiness in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing. Singh, P., Tatambhotla, A., Kalvakuntla, R., & Chokshi, M. (2019). Understanding public drug procurement in India: a comparative qualitative study of five Indian states. BMJ Open, 9(2), e024040. United Nations. (2020). Shared responsibility, global solidarity: Responding to the socio- economic impacts of COVID-19. Kumar, S., & Ozdamar, L. (2008). Procurement performance measurement system in the health care industry. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance. Yadav, P. (2015). Health Product Supply Chains in Developing Countries: Diagnosis of the Root Causes of Underperformance and an Agenda for Reform. Health Systems & Reform. Hasselberg, A. (2017). The role of information technology in SCM: an exploratory study. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. Singh, S., & Singh, J. (2019). Supply Chain Management of Drugs at Primary Health Centres: A Study in Bihar. Journal of Health Management. Prashanth, N. S., Elias, M. A., Pati, M. K., Aivalli, P., Munegowda, C. M., Bhanuprakash, S., & N, S. (2014). Improving drug supply management through the implementation of an electronic logistics management information system: a case study from Karnataka State, India. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2016). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation. Pearson. Handfield, R., & Nichols, E. (2002). Introduction to Supply Chain Management. Prentice Hall. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & Supply Chain Management. Pearson. Cooper, M., Lambert, D., & Pagh, J. (1997). Supply Chain Management: More Than a New Name for Logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management. Gunasekaran, A., Patel, C., & Tirtiroglu, E. (2001). Technology and its impact on operational decisions. Industrial and Commercial Training. Manuj, I., & Mentzer, J. (2008). Global supply chain risk management. Journal of Business Logistics. Yadav, P. (2015). Health Product Supply Chains in Developing Countries: Diagnosis of the Root Causes of Underperformance and an Agenda for Reform. Health Systems & Reform, 1(2), 142-154. Kumar, A., & Chakraborty, S. (2017). Understanding the challenges and strategic actions of social entrepreneurship at base of the pyramid. Management Decision. Singh, P., Sachs, J. D., & Sachs, S. E. (2018). Optimizing the health supply chain in developing countries: models and application. Health Care Management Science, 21(4), 571-593. Sharma, S., & Garg, S. (2019). Performance of health supply chains: A systematic literature review. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. Gupta, S., & Kumar, M. (2020). Healthcare supply chain management; literature review and some issues. Journal of Advances in Management Research. Jain, A., & Sharma, A. (2021). A review on supply chain management of medicines in hospitals. Materials Today: Proceedings. Yadav, P. (2015). Health Product Supply Chains in Developing Countries: Diagnosis of the Root Causes of Underperformance and an Agenda for Reform. Health Systems & Reform, 1(2), 142-154. Kumar, A., & Smith, R. (2017). Information Technology and Its Role in India's Public Health System's Efficiency: A Critical Review. Journal of Health Management, 19(1), 152- 166. Singh, P., & Sharma, U. (2018). Public-Private Partnerships in Health Care in India: Lessons for Developing Countries. Routledge. Gupta, R., & Kumar, A. (2019). Local Production of Pharmaceuticals and Related Technology Transfer in Developing Countries: A Review of Recent Evidence. Globalization and Health, 15, 15. Patel, A., & Singh, S. (2020). COVID-19 and its Impact on the Health System: A Case Study of India. Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 169-180.

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia Odorata Against Some Isolates of Wound Among Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Kano Metropolis

Author: Kamal Abdulkadir Muhammad, Ismaila Ahmed, Lawan Danjuma, Raliya Sulaiman, Dauda, Isah Musa Bebeji, Zubairu Sani Ibrahim, Yahaya Ubah Yau, Binta Kabir, Muhammad, and Mukhtar Aminu Bala, Corresponding author

Prevalence and Prevention of Health Problems Among Inmates in Agodi Gate Correctional Centre, Ibadan

Author: John Betiku, a, Oluwabunmi Hannah Aremo, b, Emmanuel Olusegun Abe, a, Rachael, Omotomilayo Ajayi, c, Adenike Kaosarat Alabi, d, Kelechi Princess John, d, orcid ---