Evaluation of Organ Equivalent Doses and Overall Effective Radiation from Diagnostics X-Ray Procedures
Abstract
A study was carried out to establish the trend of radiation doses received by patients during X- ray examinations at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Entrance Skin Doses were measured for a common type of X-ray procedure, namely chest AP/PA (anterior/posterior) projections. A total of 200 data sets were collected from patients who underwent diagnostic X-ray imaging during their routine chest examinations. The patients included in the study represented typical clinical cases and were examined using standard radiographic techniques practiced at the facility. The patients’ skin doses were determined using Edmond’s formula, which estimates the entrance skin dose based on X-ray tube output and radiographic exposure parameters. These parameters include the tube voltage , tube current–time product , source-to-skin distance , and the total filtration of the X-ray beam. By applying this method, reliable estimates of patient radiation exposure were obtained without the need for direct dosimetry equipment. The calculated mean skin dose ranged from 0.013 ± 0.01 mGy to 0.851 ± 0.023 mGy. In general, the measured ESD values for these chest X- ray procedures were found to be either lower than or consistent with the guidance levels set by the Nigerian Basic Ionizing Radiation Regulation and other international radiation protection bodies. Therefore, the radiation doses delivered during these examinations are considered safe and do not pose any significant health risk to patients or healthcare workers.
Keywords
Organ EquivalentEffective DosesDiagnostic X-Ray
References
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