Green Engineering of Structured Lignocellulosic Sorbents from Pumpkin Stem Fibres for Oil Adsorption
Abstract
Structured natural sorbents produced from pumpkin stem (PS) fibres were prepared by a novel nonwoven bonding with introduction of 10-30% polyethylene/polypropylene sheath-core composites fibres (ES). A product was made using natural fibre (Pumpkin stem) which were blended with 10- 30%ES and placed into a muffle furnace. Three (3) natural sorbent were produced PS/ES ratios of 70/30 80/20 and 90/10. Fourier transform infrared and Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) were used for the chemical analysis of the materials. The physical properties (densities, viscosities, surface tension and surface energy) of the Automotive Gas Oil were carried out. The sorption capacity and oil-to-water selectivity’s of structured sorbent were also determined. FTIR analysis exhibited characteristics vibrational mode of cellulose and hydrocarbon, while the GC-MS analysis from each retention time (RT) and area percentage (%) suggested two compounds dodecanoic acid and 1,2,3-tripropane triylester. The densities, viscosities and surface tension of AGO are0.826 g/cm3, 120.65 g/cm3 and 24.90 mN/m respectively. This indicates a significant strength of the oil which occupies a specific volume at a defined temperature and pressure. Oil sorption capacity of different ratios of PS/ES, using AGO oil sorption capacity was carried out. The results show PS/ES of 90/10 had highest sorption capacity in AGO at 9.56 g/g. In oil-to-water selectivity of three (3) structured sorbents the PS/ES at ratio 90/10 has the highest oil- to-water selectivity of 25.33(g/g) in AGO. This research has contributed to knowledge in the PS/ES of 90/10 structured sorbent has the highest efficiency in removing oil from water than PS/ES of 70/30 and PS/ES 80/20 while PS/ES of 70/30 enhances oil-to-water selectivity than PS/ES of 80/20 and PS/ES of 90/10 sorbents which was actually enriched the academic knowledge of the researchers and the world at large since they are rich in nature, environmental friendly and cost-effectives. Keyword: Pumpkin Stem, Structured Sorbent, Oil sorption, Oil-to-water selectivity, Surface energy, Anambra State. IJEMT
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