Antibiogram and Colony Count of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Water, Feed Ingredients, and Poultry Rations Fed to Layer Chickens
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of feed ingredients, feeds and water fed to layer chickens poses serious threat to their health and productivity, as well as, to public health due to zoonotic potentials and increasing antimicrobial resistance . This study investigated the antibiotic resistance, and colony counts of E. coli isolates from borehole water, various feed ingredients, commercial pellet and mash feeds, and farm-mixed mash rations fed to layer chickens. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected at brooding, grower, and layer phases and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures to isolate and evaluate the antibiogram of the E. coli isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against a panel of ten antibiotics was carried out using the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method. Results revealed presence of E. coli with colony counts ranging from 13.31 × 102 to 22.00 × 102 cfu/g in feed ingredients, and 13.51 × 102 to 18.02 × 102 cfu/ml in borehole water. Farm-mixed rations had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher contamination levels of E. coli than commercial rations. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin (68% – 95%). The organisms were generally sensitive to Nalidixic acid, Gentamicin, and Augmentin (95% - 100%). Feed ingredients, feeds and water were identified as critical contamination hotspots in layer chicken production hence enhanced feed microbial quality control, thermal processing of feed ingredients, and farm-mixed feeds, regular water sanitation, and prudent antibiotic usage to reduce E. coli contamination and AMR spread should be adopted to safeguard poultry health, public health, and food safety.
Keywords
Escherichia colicolony countsantimicrobial resistancepoultry feedfeed ingredientsborehole waterlayer chickens.
References
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