Lawal Abubakar PhD, Faruku Muhammad
Abstract
Although the challenges encountered due to the Goronyo Dam disaster have caused agricultural backwardness, socio-economic and environmental effects in the area of study are worthy of discussion, therefore, this paper seeks to examine the nature and magnitude of the soil erosion, flooding, among others which is the major factor in this content. Also, identify the real causes of these and a historical review of the challenges of Goronyo Dam in agricultural activities in Sokoto State and other Dams as well. The paper has also examined the damages and changes it has coursed on vegetation covers, agricultural production water bodies, residential areas, infrastructural facilities, and bare surfaces around the river basin in the study area of Sokoto State. Hence, most of these challenges concerns have historically been regarded as socio- economic issues associated primarily with direct damages to agricultural products. And environment also, the impact of Goronyo dam on the communities and individuals in the area of study (Sokoto State) that hinders agricultural development, via socio-economic activities, such as gully erosion (Soil erosion), frequent reallocation process, displacement, [farmers disposed of their productive farmland) inadequate compensation and destruction of economic trees, health hazards (water pollution), and destruction of physical infrastructure (roads and bridges) among others have also been analyzed. In other words, the focus of this paper has been the anticipated, emerging challenges, and future prospects of the Goronyo Dam, as well as the way forward for agricultural activities in Sokoto State from 1984 to 2025. This paper has also explored the challenges of the Goronyo Dam on agricultural activities in Sokoto State. It has examined the projected corporate social responsibility efforts of the managing agencies toward the host communities and the state at large. Various programs and projects that have been executed by federal and state governments to enhance agricultural development and improve the livelihoods of the local communities have also been analyzed. The paper has discussed socio-economic contributions such as employment opportunities, income generation, infrastructure development, and the potential boost in agricultural productivity. Furthermore, seasonal population growth driven by migration for marketing and commerce in the dam area has been highlighted as part of the dam’s broader economic influence. E-ISSN 2579-048X , online only Despite its projected benefits, the paper has investigated anticipated challenges associated with the Goronyo Dam, particularly those arising from flooding disasters. These will include threats to agricultural productivity and adverse environmental impacts. The paper has sought to understand the causes and scale of these flooding events, tracing the historical and environmental roots of these problems. Attention has been paid to the damages on vegetation cover, crop fields, residential zones, water bodies, infrastructure, and surrounding ecosystems in the Sokoto River Basin. The study has assess how these challenges, such as soil erosion, forced relocation, destruction of farmlands, insufficient compensation, and damage to economic trees and infrastructure, and the weakening of transportation links like roads and bridges was strategies. Health risks due to water pollution That hinders sustainable agricultural development. Also form part of the analysis, helping to shape informed recommendations for future mitigation and management
References
Adeleke, B.O and Leong, G.C, [1978] Physical, and Human Geography. Ibadan, Oxford University Press Aine, E.O, [1987] Environmental Education for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Jos, Fob Educational Books Akpen, P. [2024] Modernizing Northern Nigeria Infrastructure, Rural Facilities and Urban Amenities 1960-1999. Darosat Global Limited, Ibadan. . Anderson etal. [1973] Aquifers in Sokoto Basin. The US. Geological and Hydrological Department Washington. Dams and Development: [2000] A new – framework for decision making. The report of the World Commission on Dams is an overview.Earthscan Publications Ltd. 120 Pentonville Road, London. . Federal Republic of Nigeria;[2013] Nigerian Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Agricultural transformation agenda support program phase -1 . Ground Work of Nigerian History. [1980] Edited by Oboro Ikime, Heinemann Education of Books (Nigeria) Plc. Published for the Historical Society of Nigeria ISN 978-129-954. Hantshorm, A.T, and Alexander J.W. [1980] Economic Geography. India Prentice Han.Private Hayoni, Y. and Ruttri [1971]. Agricultural Development.An International Perspective. John Hopkins Presss Henderson, F.A [1973] Immunological Description of Kainji Lake 1969 – 1971. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Rome. Henry, B,[1859] Travels, and Discoveries in North and Central Africa 1849-1855 New York. . Ibrahim, U. I.[2013] Metropolitan Sokoto Issues in History and Urban Development Since 1960. PhD Thesis UsmanuDanfoidyo University Sokoto. Department of History Printed in Gaskiya Corporation Limited Zaria. Kabiru, S.C [1999] State and economy in the Sokoto caliphate, policies, and practices in the metropolitan districts 1804-1903. Ph.D. Thesis Department of History, published and printed in Nigeria by Ahmadu Bello University Zaria ISBN 978-125-685 (HB) 978-125- 693 1 (PB) . Koffaari, C.R.[2005] Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques Second Revised Edition New Age International Publishers Ltd. New Delhi India. 2004) Kumar, A. Fundamentals of hematology. New Delhi. Millar, J.N.[1970] The Subsistence Farmer in Traditional Economics in C.R. Wharton Jr (ed) Subsistence Farmer and Economic Development London Fronkcass and Co. Ltd. Odun, E.P.[1971] Fundamentals of Agricultural Land use, Hamilton Press, New York, . Robert, M.[1974] Contemporary African Geography, TEP Press. Shehu S.[2001] Beckoned to Serve;An Autobiography. Heinemann Educationnal Books [Nigeria] Plc Ibadan. Swindel, K. [1982] Sokoto State in Maps; An Atlas of Human and Physical Resources.University press. Ibadan. Udo, R.U, [1970] Geographical Regions of Nigeria, London. Umoren, R,[1980] Economic Reforms and Nigeria A Political Crisis, Lagos World Bank /Lake Chad, Basin Commission, [2002] Appraisal of the Safety of the Tiga and Challawa Gorge Dams, Nigeria. E-ISSN 2579-048X , online only World Bank Assisted Project:[2019] Sokoto State Fodama III Additional Financing 2014 – 2019. Produced by Sokoto State Fadama coordination office. JOURNAL ARTICLES Abdullahi, S.A. etal,[2014] “Assessment of Water Availability in Sokoto Rima River Basin” Resource and Environment .Waziri Junaidu History and Culture Bureau, Sokoto. Abubakar, A. et al,[2018] “Effect of Goronyo Dam on Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics in Upstream and Down Stream Soil” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science ISSN 2454-6186. Volume 11, Issue xii Adam, A.A.[2015] “Sokoto Rima River Basin Development Authority and Rural Development in Sokoto State, Nigeria” Www. Ksp Journals Org Volume 2.Issue 3.. Adeola, A.O. and Oluwafemi, R.A[2014] “A Blueprint for Agricultural Development in Nigeria.” International Journal of Applied Agricultural and Agricultural Research 10(1 &2): 112-128,. Ahmad, A. et al,[2015] “Implication of Bakalori Dam Irrigation Activities on Its Physical Resources” African Journal of Agricultural Research ISSN 1991-637 Vol. 10(7) 12 . Ango, A.K., Bello, M.A. and Tambari,[2010] I,W.[2014] “Effects of Flooding Caused by Goronyo Dam on the Rural Farm Families along Sokoto Rima River Basin: 2010 Experience”. 19th Annual National Conference of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria Owerri, Imo State Nigeria . ISSN 1595-1421 Atedhor, G.O,[2015] “ Agricultural, Vulnerability to Climate Change in Sokoto State Nigeria” African Journal of Food and Agriculture Nutrition and Development Volume 15 No. 2 ISSN 1634-5374 . Augie, A.I., Gado, A.A. and Saleh, M.[2019] “Geophysical investigation of Abnormal Seepage inGoronyo Dam Sokoto, North Western Nigeria Using Self Potential Method” International Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Vol. 14 No. 3- Clopperton H,[1829] Journal of a Second Expedition into the Inferior of Africa, London. David, O.O. and Adebayo W.S.[2000] “Assessment of Impact of Hydro Power Dams Reservoir Outflow on the Downstream River Flood Regime Nigeria’s Experience” Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State. Nigeria. Dogan, A.[2001] “The Role of Dams in Development” International Symposium Ankara/Turkey Dukiya, G.G.[2013] “Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Kainji Hydro Power Dan on the Down Stream Communities” Geoinfomatics and Geostatistics: An Overview. A SCITECHNOL Journal .
More Articles from AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY
