Assessment of the Perception of Climate Change and Food Security Among Farmers in Bekwarra Local Government Area of Cross River State

Africa Agriculture Status Report (AGRA, 2022). Accelerating African Food Systems Transformation (Issue 10). Nairobi, Kenya: Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa . Afu, S.M. (2013). Contributions of organic matter components, clay and silt fractions to the cation exchange capacity of soils of different land use history in northern Cross River State, Nigeria. PhD thesis submitted to the Dept. of Soil Science, University of Nigeria. Akponikpè, I. B. P., Johnston and Agbossou (2010). Farmers' perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in Sub Saharan West-Africa. ICID Amadou, T., Falconnier, G. N., Mamoutou, G., Georges, S., Alassane, B. A., François, A., Michel B. & Benjamin, S. (2021). Farmers’ Perception and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Central Mali. Weather, Climate and Society. 14. DOI: 10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0003.1 Aprakua, A., Morton, J.F., praku, B. G. (2021). Climate change and small-scale agriculture in Africa: Does indigenous knowledge matter? Insights from Kenya and South Africa. Scientific Africa, 12 (2021). Asrat, P. & Simane, B. (2018). Farmers’ perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in the Dabus watershed, North-West Ethiopia. Ecological Processes 7 (7) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-018-0118-8 Ayanlade, A., Maren, R., & Morton, J.F. (2017). Comparing smallholder farmers’ perception of climate change with meteorological data: A case study from southwestern Nigeria. Weather and Climate Extremes 15 (2017), 24-33. Baninla, Y.,Sharifi, A., Allam, Z., Tume, S.J.P., Gangtar, N.N. & George, N. (2022) Anoverview of climate change adaptation and mitigation research in Africa. Front. Clim. 4:976427. doi: 10.3389/fclim.2022.976427 Bulktrade and Investment Company Limited (1989). Soil and Land use Survey of Cross River State. Main Report, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Cross River State, Nigeria. p. 376 Curtis, P., Slay, C., Harris, N., Alexander, T &Hassen, M. (2018). Classifying drivers of global forest lost. Science, 361(6407) 1108-1111. Das, S. & T.P. Singh, T.P. (2016). Correlation analysis between biomass and spectral vegetation indices of forest ecosystem. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology 1(5) 1-13. Donald, A. E. (2020). Variability in the Long-Term Trends of Rainfall and Temperature over Southern Nigeria. Journal of Geography Meteorology and Environment 3 (1) pp. 15-41, https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/index.php/jgme Einecker, R. & Kirby, A. (2020). Climate change: a bibliometric study of adaptation, mitigation and resilience. Sustainability 12, 6935.doi: 10.3390/su12176935 Ibrahim, S.B., Ayinde, I.A. &Arowolo, A.O. (2015). Analysis of arable crop farmers’ awareness to causes and effects of climate change in south western Nigeria. Int. J. Soc. Econ. 2015, 42, 614–628 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPPC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. A869-883. International Water Management Institute (IWMI, 2010). Managing water for rain fed IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management agriculture. Science brief series, Issue, 10. Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., et al. (2018). Global Carbon Budget. Earth System. Science. Data, 10, 405–448. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018 Li J, Wang Y & Liu L (2020) Responses of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Productivity to Droughts in China. Front. Earth Sci. 8:59. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00059. Madaki, M.Y., Muench, S., Kaechele, H. &Bavorova, M. (2023). Climate Change Knowledge and Perception among Farming Households in Nigeria. Climate 2023, 11, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11060115 Manandhar, S., Vogt, D. S., Perret, S. R. & Kazama, F. (2011). Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of farmers’ perception and practices. Regional Environtal Change. 11 pp. 335–348 DOI 10.1007/s10113-010-0137- Mekonnen, A., Tessema, A., Ganewo, Z., & Haile, A. (2021). Climate change impacts on household food security and farmers adaptation strategies. J. Agric. Food Res. 6, 100197.doi: 10.1016/j.jafr.2021.10 0197 Meze-Hausken, E. (2004). Contrasting Climate Variability and Meteorological Drought with Perceived Drought and Climate Change in Northern Ethiopia. Climate Research. 27. Pp. 19–31 Nicholson, S. E. (2017). Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa. Rev. Geography. 55, 590–635. doi: 10.1002/2016RG000544 Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET, 2015). Agro-meteorological Bulletin 36(3) 21-31. Ntui, O. & Ntui, E. A. (2023). Awareness and Adaptation to Climate Change Impact in Agricultural Systems Management by Rural Farmers in Akamkpa East, Cross River State, Nigeria International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews. 4 (7). pp 440- 445 Nyadzi, E, Nyamekye, A.B., Werners, S.E., Biesbroek, R.G., Dewulf, A., Slobbe, E. et al.(2018). Diagnosing the potential of hydroclimatic information services to support rice farming in northern Ghana. Journal of Life Sciences, 86–87; 51–63. Okang A. O., Egbai O. O., Uquetan U. I., Ochiche C. A., Uttah C. E., Agbochom E. E., Diminyi C. A., Eteng E. O., Onuoha E., Ajom S. K., Brian E. U., Uchegbue H. O. (2012). Retrospective Assessment of Changes in Yield Quantity of Selected Arable Crops in the North-East Cross River State, Nigeria. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 12(3): 445-454, 2024 DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2024.120301 Ogwuike, P. C., Agboh-noameshie, A. R , Ojehomon, V. & Ogwuike, C. O. (2019). Farmer Perception of Climate Change Stressors: Adaptation Strategies and Effect on Farmer Stress-migration. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 4 (6) Onyekuru, N.A., & Marchant, R, (2017). Climate Change Perception, Awareness and Adaptation Decision Among Forest Communities in Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension. 16 (3). pp. 51 - 62 Radeny, M., Ayal, D., Drake, M., Kyazze, F., Mahoo, H., Recha, J., Kimeli, P., &Dawit, S.(2019). Indigenous knowledge for seasonal weather and climate forecasting across East Africa.Climatic Change,156; 509–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02476-9 Rodrigues, P.M., Carlos, E. G., Jonathan, S. W., Rubens, M. &Andreza, V.N (2018). The influence of soil on vegetation structure and plant diversity in different tropical savannic and forest habitats. Journal of Plant Ecology, 11(2)226-236. IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management Sileshi, G. W. &Gebeyehu, S. (2021). Emerging infectious diseases threatening food security and economies in Africa. Global Food Secur 28, 100479.doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100479 Thomas, A.H. & Turk, R.A. (2023). Food insecurity in Nigeria: food supply matters. Selected issues paper.Publication of the IMF, March 2023. United Nations (UN, 2015). Paris Agreement. Publication of the united nation framework convention on climate change, 2015. United Nations (UN, 2022). United Nations Climate Action: African Climate Week 2022. 29th August- 2nd September, 2022. World Bank Group (2021). Climate risk country profile: Nigeria. Work Bank publications. World Meteorological Organization (WMO, 2023). Africa suffers disproportionately from climate change. WMO publication, 4th September, 2023.