Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Influence of User-Generated Content on Social Media in Shaping Social Issues in Rivers State

Onoh, Ross Isu; Dike, Harcourt Whyte (PhD), & Enyindah, Stella (PhD)

Abstract

This study, grounded in Participatory Culture Theory and Networked Publics Theory, investigates the impact of UGC on social issues in Rivers State. The study aims to identify the social issues most addressed through UGC; assess the level and nature of engagement with UGC and evaluate the perceived credibility and influence of UGC. A descriptive survey design was employed, with 367 active social media users sampled from Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter (X). Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire, which was validated for internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84), and analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations to identify trends, perceptions, and engagement patterns. Findings revealed that political corruption, environmental pollution, and youth unemployment are the most frequently discussed issues in UGC. Online engagement is highest in the form of sharing and commenting, while offline participation in community activities remains moderate. Respondents generally view UGC as credible and influential, with exposure to content significantly associated with increased civic awareness and participation. The study concludes that UGC is a powerful tool for promoting social awareness and fostering civic engagement, though challenges like digital literacy and access disparities limit its full potential. Recommendations include promoting digital literacy programs, advancing inclusive infrastructure development, implementing content verification mechanisms, integrating civic education, and fostering institutional partnerships to sustain meaningful online engagement for social change.

Keywords

User-Generated Contentsocial mediasocial issuescivic engagementRivers State

References

Adebayo, M., & Oluwatoyin, A. (2021). Digital activism and civic engagement in Nigeria: social media as a tool for political participation. Nigerian Journal of Media Studies, 14(2), 47–61.Akande, F., & Uduak, E. (2024). Indigenous storytelling and digital activism in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Journal of African Media Research, 11(2), 112–129. Amadi, C., & Okon, B. (2021). Digital civic engagement and the rise of grassroots activism in South-South Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 13(2), 57– 75. Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2017). Sociality through social network sites: The importance of contexts. Social Media Society, 3(1), 1–9. Castells, M. (2009). Communication power. Oxford University Press. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 1–7. Hermida, A. (2013). #Journalism: Reconfiguring journalism research about Twitter, one tweet at a time. Digital Journalism, 1(3), 295–313. Ibekwe, A., & Anozie, M. (2024). User-generated content and civic participation in Rivers State: An empirical investigation. Nigerian Journal of Media and Society, 19(1), 89– 115. Jenkins, H., Ford, S., & Green, J. (2018). Spreadable media: Creating value and meaning in a networked culture. New York University Press. Jenkins, H., Purushotma, R., Weigel, M., Clinton, K., & Robison, A. J. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. MIT Press. Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241–251.Kol square. (2024). Understanding user-generated content in 2024. Kol square Blog. Nwafor, U., & Eze, N. (2024). Perceptions of credibility in user-generated content on social issues in Rivers State. Nigerian Journal of Communication Studies, 17(2), 98–122 Nwankwo, I. (2024). Hashtag activism and social awareness: A content analysis of usergenerated narratives in Rivers State. International Journal of Communication and Culture, 15, 233–254. Nwankwo, I. (2024). Social media governance and content moderation in Nigeria: Conflicts and challenges. International Journal of Communication, 15, 344–360. Nwankwo, I., & Emeka, J. (2025). Cultural resonance and social mobilization in Nigerian social media campaigns. International Journal of Communication, 16, 320–337. Nwankwo, L., & Akintola, T. (2023). Age and location as mediators of social media interaction with user-generated content in Rivers State. African Media Studies Quarterly, 11(4), 202–227. Okeke, U., & Anyaegbunam, N. (2025). From digital awareness to civic action: The role of user- generated content in Rivers State. International Journal of Media Studies, 16(1), 203– 229. Okeke, U., & Nwosu, C. (2023). Social media and civic engagement in the Niger Delta: A study of user-generated content on environmental degradation. Environmental Communication Journal, 9(3), 210–235.Okoro, N., & Eze, N. (2023). Citizen journalism and online protest movements in Nigeria: A study of the #EndSARS campaign. Journal of New Media and Society, 22(4), 319– 334. Ugochukwu, C., & Nwolu, O. J. (2021). The influence of social media framing on audience perception of #EndSARS agenda protest. NAU Journal of Communication Studies. Ugochukwu, P., & Anozie, M. (2024). Public engagement with user-generated content on social issues in Rivers State: A quantitative analysis. Nigerian Journal of Communication Studies, 18(1), 101–12