Optimizing Passive Design Approach in the Architecture of Public Libraries in Rivers State

Braide; Datonye Jenbarimiema Esau J. Esau PhD

doi:10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no2.2026.pg272.285

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Optimizing Passive Design Approach in the Architecture of Public Libraries in Rivers State

Braide, Datonye Jenbarimiema Esau J. Esau PhD

Abstract

Public libraries situated in hot-humid climates necessitate enhanced thermal and visual comfort to facilitate effective reading, digital learning, and prolonged occupancy. In Rivers State, Nigeria, persistent environmental discomfort can be attributed to antiquated spatial configurations, inadequate natural ventilation, and suboptimal daylight distribution, which collectively contribute to diminished patronage and heightened energy reliance. This study investigates the synergistic integration of spatial layout, façade porosity, daylight modulation, and passive ventilation to improve environmental performance in public libraries within hot-humid conditions. A systematic literature review and comparative case analysis of two exemplary international library structures; Tainan Public Library, Shanghai Library East, were undertaken to discern successful passive environmental strategies adaptable to the Nigerian context. Findings elucidate that libraries employing an integrated approach to both daylighting and natural ventilation, as opposed to relying exclusively on either system, yield markedly superior thermal comfort, visual satisfaction, and energy efficiency outcomes. The study proposes a climate-responsive design framework tailored for public libraries in Rivers State, emphasising shallow floor depths, atrium-driven stack ventilation, dual-aspect cross-ventilation, adaptive shading aligned with façade orientation, and calibrated daylight strategies to mitigate glare while enhancing luminous efficacy. This research contributes to architectural discourse by translating validated global passive strategies into a contextualised, actionable design guide for the Niger Delta, thus paving the way for improved new library constructions and the retrofitting of existing public libraries to bolster environmental sustainability and user experience.

Keywords

public librariesnatural ventilationdaylightingpassive design.

References

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Optimizing Passive Design Approach in the Architecture of Public Libraries in Rivers State

Abstract

Keywords

References

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