References
[1] Abdubai, A., Humble, V., Chowhen, S., & Aldubai, Y. (2017). Intruder detection: Using fuzzy min-max neural network. [2]Adamy J. (2022). Nonlinear Systems and Controls. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. [3] Ahmed, A., Deb, S., Habib, A., Mollan, M., & Ahmed, A. (2018). Simplistic approach to detect cybercrime and detect cybercrime criminals. International Conference on Computer Communication, Chemical, Material, and Electronic Engineering (IC4MEZ), 1-4. IEEE. [4] Ahmed, A. A., & Mohammed, F. (2018). SAIRI: A similarity approach for attack intention recognition using fuzzy minimax neural network, 25, 467-473. [5] Akhgar, B., Staniforth, A., & Bosco, F. (2014). Cybercrime and cyber terrorism investigators handbook. Syngress. [6] Aziz RM, Hussain A, Sharma P. (2023). Cognizable crime rate prediction and analysis under Indian penal code using deep learning with novel optimization approach. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 83(8): 22663-22700. doi: 10.1007/s11042- 02316371-0 [7]Azuaba, E., Oluwafemi, T.J. & Akinwande, NI, et al. (2022). Solution of substance abuse and domestic violence mathematical model using homotopy perturbation method. International Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modelling. 5(2): 99-107. [8]. Bala, B. K., Arshad, F. M., & Noh, K. M. (2017). System Dynamics: Modelling and Simulation. Singapore:Springer Science and Business Media. [9] Butrimas, V. (2016). Threat intelligence report cyberattack against Ukrainian ICS. Retrieved from http://www.sentryo.net/wpcontent/upload/2017/10/FBook: Ukrain cyberattack [10] Carr, J. (2011). Inside cyber warfare: Mapping the cyber underworld. O'Reilly Media Inc. [11] Carrington, P. (2011). Corine and social network analysis. In J. Scott & P. J. Carrington (Eds.), Sage Handbook of Social Network Analysis (pp. 236-255). London, UK: Sage. [12]Chouhan, V.S., Badsara, A.K. & Shukla, R. (2024). Zika Virus Model with the Caputo– Fabrizio Fractional Derivative. Symmetry. 16(12): 1606. doi: 10.3390/sym16121606 [13] Costa, L., Oliveira, O., Travies, U., Rodrigues, F., Villas Boas, A., Anliqueira, V., Viana, M., & Correa Rocha, L. (2011). Analyzing and modeling real-world phenomena with concept networks: A survey of applications. Advances in Physics, 63(2), 329-412. [14]. Dunn, P. K., & Marshman, M. F. (2020). Teaching mathematical modelling: A framework to support teachers’choice of resources. Teaching Mathematics and its Applications: An International Journal of the IMA, 39(2), 127–144. [15]Falaye AA, Oluyemi ES, Ale S, et al. Quantitative model for dynamic propagation and countermeasure of malicious cyberattack on the mobile wireless network. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys); 2017. [16]. Greer, B. (2023). The mathematical modeling perspective on world problems. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 12(3), 239–250 [17] Harrow, F., Bouyeddoun, B., Sun, Y., & Kadri, B. (2013). Detecting cyber-attacks using a CRPS-based monitoring approach. IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence , 618-622. [18]He CH, El-Dib YO. (2021). A heuristic review on the homotopy perturbation method for non-conservative oscillators. Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control. 41(2): 572-603. doi: 10.1177/14613484211059264 [19]Hirsch MW, Smale S, Devaney RL. (2012). Discrete dynamical systems. In: Differential equations, dynamical systems, and an introduction to chaos. Academic Press. [20] Higgins, K. J. (2016). Lessons from the Ukrainian electric grid hack. Retrieved from http://www.darkreading.com/d/d.id/1324743 E- ISSN 2489-009X , [21] Joshi, D. M. (2021). Cyber pornography: An interdisciplinary study of technology-led crime against women and children. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT, 9(12), B297-B301. [22] Khan, M., Pradhan, S., & Fatima, H. (2017). Applying data mining techniques in cybercrime. In 2nd International Conference on Anti-Cyber Crime , 21-216. IEEE. [23] Khan M, Farasat Saddiq S, Khan S, et al. (2014). Application of homotopy perturbation method to an SIR epidemic model. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences. 4: 49-54. [24] Lacey AA, Tsardakas MN. (2016). A mathematical model of serious and minor criminal activity. European Journal of Applied Mathematics. 27(3): 403-421. doi: 10.1017/s0956792516000139 [25] Lekha, K., & Prakasan, S. (2017). Data mining techniques in detecting and predicting cyber crime. International Conference on Emerging Electrical and Data Analytics Systems , 1639-1643. IEEE. [26] Lim, M., Abdullah, A., Jhanjhi, N., Khan, M., & Supramanian, M. J. (2019). Link prediction in time-evolving criminal networks with deep reinforcement learning. Link Production Model for Evolving Criminal Network. [27] Mancuso, M. (2014). Not all madams have a central role: Analysis of a Nigerian sex trafficking network. Trends in Organized Crime, 17(2), 66-88. [28] Mataru, B., Abonyo, O. J. & Malonza, D. (2023). Mathematical Model for Crimes in Developing Countries with Some Control Strategies. Journal of Applied Mathematics, https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8699882Digital Object Identifier [29] Meera, W., Isaac, M., & Balan, C. (2013). Forensics acquisition and analysis of VMware virtual machine artifacts. International Multi-Conference on Automation, Computing, Communication, Control and Compressed Sensing (IMac45), 255-259. IEEE. [30] Mohler GO, Short MB, Brantingham PJ, et al.(2011). Self-Exciting Point Process Modeling of Crime. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 106(493): 100- 108. doi: 10.1198/jasa.2011.ap09546 [31] Mutawa, N. A., Bryce, J. V. N., Franqueira, N., & Mannington, A. (2015). Behavioral evidence analysis applied to digital forensics: An empirical analysis of child pornography cases using P2P networks. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Availability, Reliability, and Security. [32] Newman, M. E. (2011). Complex systems: A survey. American Journal of Physics, 79(8), 800-810. [33]. Nkuturum, C. & George, I. (2022): Mathematical Modelling of Skilling Fishery Management for Sustainable Development of an Economy. IJMAM 5(3),121-136 [34]. Nkuturum, C. & Onwubuya, M.N. (2022). Mathematical Modeling of Rape under the Influence of Human Disturbance and Noise. IJMAM 5(2),121-136. [35] Nuño JC, Herrero MA. & Primicerio M. (2008). A triangle model of criminality. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 2008; 387(12): 2926-2936. doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.076 [36] Ñuño, JC, Herrero MA, Primicerio M. (2011). A mathematical model of a criminal-prone society. Discrete and continuous dynamical systems. 2011; 4(1): 193-207. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2011.4.193 [37]. Onwumere, J. & Eleodinmuo, P.O. (2015) Enhancing innovativeness among small and medium scale leather enterprises to boost performance in Abia State, Nigeria: International Journal of Community and Cooperative Studies; 3(1), pp. 1-14. E- ISSN 2489-009X , [38]Raimundo SM, Yang HM, Rubio FA, et al. (2023). Modeling criminal careers of different levels of offence. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 453: 128073. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2023.128073 [39] Short MB, Mohler GO, Brantingham PJ, et al. (2014). Gang rivalry dynamics via coupled point process networks. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B. 19(5): 1459- 1477. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.1459 [40] Sibi, H., Chakkaravartty, D., Sangeetha, M., Venkata Rathnam, K., & Srinthi, V. Y. (2018). Futuristic cyber attacks. 22(3), 195-204. [41] Sindhu, K., & Meshram, B. (2017). Digital forensics and cybercrime data mining. 3(3),196-212. [42] Sooknanan J, Bhatt B, Comissiong DMG. (2013). Catching a gang ? a mathematical model of the spread of gangs in a population treated as an infectious disease. International Journal of Pure and Apllied Mathematics. 83(1). doi: 10.12732/ijpam.v83i1.4 [43] Stoji?i?, S., Stojanovi?, V., Radovanovi?, R., Joksimovi?, D., & Jovanovi?, M. (2025). Mathematical Modeling of Criminal Activities: An Approach Based on Homotopy Perturbations. Advances in D