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Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Lateritic Blocks Stabilized with Cement and Wood Ash

Damini Righteous Gilbert, and Timothy Omotoyosi Awanu

Abstract

This study investigates the characterization and performance of lateritic blocks stabilized with cement and wood ash, focusing on water absorption, compaction behavior, chemical composition, and particle size distribution. Cylindrical blocks were produced using lateritic soil, cement (2– 5%), wood ash, and sand, while laterite-only and sand–cement blocks served as control specimens. Water absorption tests revealed that unstabilized laterite blocks exhibited extremely high moisture uptake (100%), whereas sand–cement blocks stabilized with 5% cement showed a significant reduction to 16.24%. For laterite–cement–wood ash–sand blocks, increasing cement content decreased water absorption, with 5% cement stabilization achieving an average water absorption of 37.87%, highlighting the combined effect of cement hydration and pozzolanic reactions from wood ash. Chemical analysis showed the soil is rich in silica (52.40%), alumina (17.14%), and iron oxide (5.87%), which contribute to cementitious reactions and improved block durability. Particle size distribution indicated well-graded soil with a fineness modulus of 2.59, while specific gravity (2.72), Atterberg limits (LL = 43%, PL = 22%, PI = 21), and compaction tests (OMC = 13%, MDD = 1710.4 kg/m3) reflected moderate plasticity and optimal densification for masonry applications. The results demonstrate that stabilization with cement and wood ash enhances the physical, mechanical, and durability performance of lateritic blocks, offering a sustainable solution for cost-effective construction in tropical regions.

Keywords

Lateritic blocksCement stabilizationWood ashWater absorptionCompaction

References

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