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Assessment of Heavy Metal Leaching from Metro Tile Roofs and Its Influence on Soil Quality in the Western Niger Delta

Macbeth Okushi, Oghenero Ohwoghere Asuma, Kizito Ejiro. Aweto, Daniel Onyeka Ugbome,

Abstract

Metro tile roofing sheet contains heavy metals as part of its composition. They are often released when the roofs are exposed in sun and rain. They are deposited on the surface of nearby soil as sink and are in turn infiltrating into underlying soils. To investigate the extent to which metro tile roofs degrade nearby soil, a total number of twenty samples of soil from 0 cm to 15cm and 15 cm to 30 cm depths during the dry and wet season respectively were sampled. Metro tile roof runoff was collected during the wet season. Both soils and water samples were analyzed for Cu2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Al3+. The soil pH ranged from 5.0–6.8 and 2.7–6.4 , while EC varied between 23 and 84 ?s/cm and 12–30 ?s/cm . Heavy metal concentrations in soil were higher during the wet season (0.02–2.9 mg/kg) compared to the dry season (<0.001– 0.84 mg/kg). The topsoil samples exhibited higher metal concentrations than deeper layers, indicating sorption influenced by organic matters constituents of the topsoil. Correlation analysis identified strong relationship in the wet season, indicating an anthropogenic origin. Principal component analysis identify metro tile roofs a point source of the aforementioned metals in soils. The older roof contains more of heavy metal. This concludes that the rate of heavy metal leachate into the soil is influenced by age of the metro tile roofs and the degree of exposure to rainfall duration as well as the seasonal variation. . Key words: Metro tile, Soil, Heavy metals, Rainwater, wet and dry season

Keywords

Metro tileSoilHeavy metalsRainwaterwet and dry season

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