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The Synergistic Effects of Polysorbate 80 and Palm Bunch Ash on the Physicochemical Characteristics of the Onitsha River Soil

Ikechukwu S. Chikwe, Abeokuta O. Johnbull., Mohammed Idris, Ndego C., Charles, Onwugbuta G. Chukwuemeka, Chikwe B. Oluchukwu, Oyagbarha, Emuobo and, Erienu Obruche Kennedy

Abstract

Degradation efficiency of the physicochemical properties of the Onitsha river soil, Anambra State, Nigeria was investigated. Experimental design method was adopted for this study. Fifteen composite samples each of soil water were collected in December 2025 and June 2025. Soil samples were air dried, mechanically ground using mortar and pestle, and 2 mm mesh size obtained for further analysis. The soil samples (1.0 g) each were weighed into Kjeldahl flasks. The soil samples (150 g) each were transferred into four (4) plastic buckets labeled A, B, C and D. Varying concentrations palm bunch ash (0.0 g, 50.0 g), Polysorbate 80 (50.0 g) and PBA + Polysorbate 80 (25.0 g) each were added to A, B, C, and D, where A served as control. The rates of degradation were determined at 20 days intervals for 60 days. The data were analyzed on the basis of first order kinetic model InC = InCo- kt. From the result, sample B (PBA + soil) fastest rate (0.50 mg kg-1 day-1) of degradation was achieve with pH range of 10.6 - 6.9 between 1st and 20th days with degradation efficiency of 68.38 % , indicating the efficiency of PBA as effective bio-surfactant in degradation of physicochemicals in soil giving a suitable pH range of 10.6 - 6.9. in same sample B (PBA + soil) Electrical conductivity of the soil before addition of PBA was 398 ?S cm-1. The addition of PBA had no effect on the electrical conductivity on the 20th day, but subsequently increased slightly to 400 ?S cm-1 and 401 ?S cm- 1 on the 40th and 60th day respectively. Also results from sample C (Polysorbate 80 +soil sample), total organic nitrogen reduced slightly from 2.20 mg kg-1 to 2.08 mg kg -1 on the 20th , day, 1.93 mg kg- and 1.58 mg kg-1 on the 40th and 60th day respectively. There was no effect on total phosphorus throughout the study duration. Also, total carbon content reduced from 2.68 mg kg-1 from to 2.00 mg kg-1 on the 20th and 40th days, subsequently to 1.90 mg kg-1 on the 60th day. Likewise sample D (PBA+ Polysorbat

Keywords

Polysorbate 80Palm Bunch AshPhysicochemical CharacteristicsSoil

References

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