Historical and Socio-Political Drivers of Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Implications for Peacebuilding and Social Cohesion

Abstract

This study investigated the historical and socio-political factors influencing ethno-religious conflicts in Kaduna State, Nigeria, with particular emphasis on their implications for peacebuilding and social cohesion. The research was anchored on a clearly defined research question and hypothesis addressing the role of historical and socio-political drivers in shaping conflict dynamics in the state. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and purposive sampling was employed to select 387 respondents. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.76, and the responses were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while a one-sample t-test was applied to test the stated hypothesis. The results revealed that ethno-religious conflicts in Kaduna State are largely driven by colonial-era inequalities, which have been exacerbated by political manipulation, socio-economic deprivation, and weak governance structures. These interacting factors have contributed to recurring violence and the erosion of social cohesion among communities. The findings therefore highlight the enduring impact of historical injustices and contemporary governance failures on conflict persistence in the state. The study concludes that ethno-religious conflicts in Kaduna State are fundamentally rooted in inherited colonial inequalities. In light of these findings, it recommends that government authorities strengthen governance institutions through impartial law enforcement and inclusive political processes that prevent the exploitation of ethnic and religious identities. Additionally, the Kaduna State Government should address the underlying causes of conflict by implementing sustained socio-economic interventions, particularly employment generation and social welfare programmed targeted at marginalized and high-risk populations Key Words: Historical, Socio-Political Drivers, Ethno-Religious Conflicts, Kaduna State

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