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Evaluation of the Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Annona Muricata and Terminalia Catappa Leaf Extracts on Mild Steel in Alkaline Medium

Okparanta, Susan Chioma, Thankgod, Chinazhikashim Princess

Abstract

Corrosion of mild steel in alkaline environments poses a significant challenge across various industrial sectors due to its detrimental effects on structural integrity, safety, and maintenance costs. Conventional corrosion inhibitors often involve toxic chemicals, raising environmental and health concerns. This study investigates the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Annona muricata L. (Soursop leaf) and Terminalia catappa (Almond tree leaf) extracts as environmentally friendly, plant-based inhibitors for mild steel in a 1 M NaOH alkaline medium. The extracts were prepared using aqueous and ethanol solvents, and their phytochemical constituents were analyzed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds known for their electron-donating and adsorption capabilities. Corrosion inhibition was evaluated by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy . Weight loss tests conducted over 72 hours showed inhibition efficiencies reaching 85.6% for Annona muricata and 79.3% for Terminalia catappa at optimum extract concentrations (Figure 1). Polarization curves indicated that both extracts function as mixed-type inhibitors, simultaneously suppressing anodic metal dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions (Figure 2). EIS analysis corroborated these findings, with significant increases in charge transfer resistance (R_ct) values, confirming effective surface film formation (Figure 3). Surface morphology examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed a markedly smoother steel surface in the presence of extracts, compared to the heavily corroded, rough surface of the uninhibited sample (Figure 4). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of organic elements associated with the protective phytochemical films on the metal surface. The inhibition mechanism

Keywords

corrosion inhibitionAnnona muricataTerminalia catappamild steelalkaline mediumelectrochemical impedance spectroscopygreen inhibitors

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