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Analysis of Pesticide Residues and Toxicological Assessment of Stored Grains in Otukpo Local Government Area

Ogah E., Adoga S.O., Ebereonwu P.U., Dodo J.D., Aju-Ameh C.O., Kekong P.E., Adanu J.E., Onwoke E.E., Abu B., Obiajunwa O., Omoha J.O.

Abstract

Samples of maize, millet and guinea corn were collected from two markets in Otukpo Town (Tiv and Main Market). The samples were screened for the presence of organophosphates and organochlorines using GC-MS. Liquid-liquid extraction was applied for sample extraction. The results shows that the concentrations of dichlorvos, durstan, dimethoate, heptenephos, chlorphenviphos, quinalphos and triazophos were all above the FAO codex maximum regulatory limits. Heptachlor, heptachlor E, DDMU, PP-DDE were below LOD. The concentrations of, aldrin, M,P-DD, P,P-DDT, ?, ?, ?, ?-lindane were below MRL while endrin, dieldrin, endosulphan I, endosulphan II have some concentrations that are above their respective MRLs of 0.05-0.1ppm. The concentrations of the OPPs were generally high and above their various regulatory limits. Using SPSS to test the mean difference at P=0.05, showed a significant difference between the MRL values and the mean values of dichlorvos, heptenephos, durstan, quinalphos and dimethoate while there was no significant difference between the MRL values and the means of chlorphenviphos and triaziphos. For the organochlorines, there was no observed significant difference between the MRL values and the means of C?lindane, endosulphan 1, MPDD while the rest of the pesticides reveal significant difference between the means of the analytes and their respective MRLs. These results indicate the need for action to be taken to allow the revision of practices in the administration of pesticides during both cropping and storage of grain in Nigeria to reduce risks of pesticide poisoning.

Keywords

Pesticide residueMaizemilletguinea cornGC-MSmaximum residue limits

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