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From Grand Strategy to Ground Reality: Examining Methodological Challenges in Assessing How Tactical Failures Impact National Security Goals

Paul M. Onyemekeihia, Ph.D

Abstract

This study examined the methodological challenges involved in assessing how tactical failures shape national security outcomes, highlighting the persistent gap between grand strategic intent and operational reality. The study also noted key methodological problems, such as lack of data, class restrictions, and methodological measures not being present in the matrices used. These issues were limiting the ability of researchers to examine in a more systemic way the phenomenon of misalignment strategy-tactics at the level of national security.

Keywords

Tactical failuresgrand strategynational securityoperational effectivenessintelligence gaps

References

Biddle, S. (2004). Military power: Explaining victory and defeat in modern battle. Princeton University Press. Brands, H. (2014). What good is grand strategy? Cornell University Press. Brooks, R., & Stanley, E. (2007). Creating military power: The sources of military effectiveness. Stanford University Press. Cohen, E. A. (2002). Supreme command: Soldiers, statesmen, and leadership in wartime. Free Press. GAO. (2017). Military operations: Lessons learned from Iraq and Afghanistan. U.S. Government Accountability Office. Gompert, D. C. & Binnendijk, H. (2016). The power to coerce. RAND Corporation. Gray, C. S. (2010). The strategy bridge: Theory for practice. Oxford University Press. Ikani, N. (2025). Beyond the binary: A new typology for evaluating warning intelligence failures. International Studies Review, 27(1). Kilcullen, D. (2010). Counterinsurgency. Oxford University Press. Matisek, J. (2025). Security force assistance without strategy. Military Strategy Magazine.

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