References
Adebayo, A. A. and Tukur, A. L. (2020) Adamawa State in Maps, Dept. Of Geography FUT.,
Yola and Paraclete Publishers, Yola, P. 23-26.
Adedibu, P.P., Opeyemi, A.A., Lawrence, A.J., Paul, J.I. and Oguntoye, E. (2021). Savanna
Biomes in Nigeria: indicators species and plant adaptation strategies. Science Open, 1-22.
Ariko, J.D., Sawa, B.A., Abdulhamed, I.A., Obadaki, Y.Y. and Aruga, E.I. (2019). Analysis of
rainfall trend and variability in Sudan savanna region of Nigeria. Savanna, 25(2):9-21.
Atiku, S. and Noma, Y. (2021). Soil Carbon Dynamics in Indian Himalayan Intensified Organic
Rice- based Cropping Sequences. Ecological Indicators, 114:106292.
Aytenew, A.B., and Kibret, P.M. (2016). Land-use emissions play a critical role in land-based
mitigation for Paris climate targets. National Communication, 9, 29-38.
Azeez, J. O., Olowoboko, T. B., Bada, B. S., Odedina, J. N., & Onasanya, O. O. (2020).
Evaluation of soil metal sorption characteristics and heavy metal extractive ability of
indigenous
plant
species
in
Abeokuta,
Nigeria.
International
Journal
of
Phytoremediation, 22(8), 872-884.
Buba, T. (2015). Impact of different tree species of different sizes on spatial distribution of
herbaceous plants in the Nigerian Guinea
savanna ecological zone.Hindawi Publishing Corparation. Scientifica, article ID 106930, 8
pp.
Cao, He, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, S., Zhou, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, C. and Fu, S. (2020). Leaf
litter contribute more to soil organic
carbon than fine roots in two 10 years old subtropical plantations. Science for Total
Environment, 704;133-141.
Chemada, S., Iren, T., Balen, L., Ruslan, S. and Anastasia, V. (2017). Soil organic matter in
Temperate Forest and Grassland Systems: A case study from the southern Cis-Ural,
Russia. Web conferences, 411: 1-9.
Clegy, C.J., Mackean, D.G. and Openshow, P.H. (1996). Advanced Biology Study Guide,
Principles and Applications. John Morray Limited, 50 Alhemarte Street, London, 21-29.
Dishan, E. E. (2016). Nutritional Values and Diversity of Wild Fruit Trees in Relation to Soil
Nutrient Flux in Adamawa Flood Plains. An Unpublished PhD Thesis Submitted to the
Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Modibbo Adama University of
Technology, Yola.
Dishan, E. E., Abdullahi, U., Nasiru, Y. and Gujja, A.A. (2022). Diversity and Regeneration
Potentials of Some Non-Timber Forest Product Species (NTFPS) in Bagale Hill Forest
Reserve, Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria.Asian Journal of
Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 8(4): 1-14. ).
Edet, J. A., Tom, C. N., Ahaneku, I. E., Etoamaihe, U. J., Orji, C. U., & Gam, E. N. (2025).
Determination of the physicochemical properties and regression of hydraulic conductivity
on selected properties of soil in Abia State, Nigeria. Contemporary Research Analysis
Journal, 2(5): 256–267. https://doi.org/10.55677/CRAJ/04-2025-Vol02I05
Federal Ministry of Environment (FME, 2019). National Forest Reference Emission Levels
(FREL) for the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
Hutley, L.B. and Settle field, S.A. (2018). Ecosystems: Savanna. Encyclopedia of Ecology (2nd
Ed.).Elsevier Inc, 111-123.
Jibrin, A. (2018). A study of variation in physiognomic characteristics of Guinea savanna
vegetation. Environment and Natural Resources Research, 13-20.
Tian, Y.C. and Xu, M. D. (2019). Application of random forest pattern recognition in soil
fertility assessment. Journal of North University China, 40: 464-469.
Jaswal, P.C. (2003).Soil, plant and water analysis. Kalyani publishers Ludhiana, New Delhi-
NordaHyderabab,India.pp 1-399.
Laboratory Testing Procedure for Soil and Water Sample Analysis (LTPSWA) (2009) ISO 9001:
2000 CERTIFIED.
Oyelowo, O. J., Odedina, J. N., & Onasanya, O. O. (2019). Soil Biodiversity: Role in Sustainable
Horticulture. Biodiversity and Horticultural Crops, 5: 1-18.
Robinson, D. A., Thomas, A., Reinsch, S., Lebron, I., Feeney, C. J., Maskell, L. C.,Cosby, B. J.
(2022). Analytical modelling of soil porosity and bulk density across the soil organic
matter and land-use continuum. Scientific Reports, 12(1): 70-85.
South, D. B. (2019). Is the recommended pH for growing hardwood seedlings wrong? Reforesta,
(7), 81–108.
Suleiman, M. A., Igu, N.I. and Marchant, R. (2017). Aboveground carbon storage in a freshwater
swamp forest in the Niger Delta. Carbon Management, 7, 137-148.
Tufa, A. H., Alene, A. D., Manda, J., Akinwale, M. G., Chikoye, D., Feleke, S., ... & Manyong,
V. (2019). The productivity and income effects of adoption of improved soybean
varieties and agronomic practices in Malawi.World development, 124, 104631.
Umeri, C., Onyemekonwu, R. C., & Moseri, H. (2017). Evaluation of physical and chemical
properties of some selected soils in mangrove swamp zones of Delta State, Nigeria.
Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2(2), 92-97.
Usharani, K.V., Roopashree, K.M. and Dhananjay, N. (2019). Role of Soil Physical, Chemical
and Biological Properties for Soil Health Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(5): 1256-1267.
Vinhal-Freitas, I. C., Corrêa, G. F., Wendling, B., Bobu?ská, L., & Ferreira, A. S. (2017). Soil
textural class plays a major role in evaluating the effects of land use on soil quality
indicators. Ecological Indicators, 74, 182–190.
Yekini, N., Mijah, M.L. and Dishan, E.E. (2022). Physical and chemical properties of soils of
Farai and Ga’anda Sacred Forests, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in
Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 14(3): 176-188.
