Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Efficacy of Combretum Lamprocarpum Leaf Extracts as Control on Alternaria porri Causing Purple Blotch of Onion in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Zakari Bawa Gambo, Aisha Isiyaku

Abstract

Onions are attacked by many pathogens. Among them is purple blotch disease which is a devastating disease of onions, resulting in significant yield losses and low-quality production. The present study employed both field survey and laboratory investigations to evaluate the efficacy of Combretum lamprocarpum leaf extracts on Alternaria porri in-vitro. Field surveys were carried out in Song Local Government Area of Adamawa State in the onions producing areas, including Lokko, Bera and Bolki, using standard field guides. The laboratory experiments were conducted in complete randomized design with three replications using standard procedures. Results in field survey recorded the highest disease incidence in lokko with (36.0%) and Bolki having the least disease incidence of (27.3 %), Lokko recored the highest disease severity of (24.1%), and Bolki having the lowest at (18.2%). The fungal pathogen was successfully isolated and identified from diseased onion leaves as Alternaria porri and its pathogenicity was confirmed through induced symptoms on onion leaves. In In-vitro experiment, result showed Ethanol leaf extract has the highest inhibition (49.3%) at 10% concentration, compared to aqueous extract inhibition (44.3%) at 10% concentration. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids and glycosides. These findings highlighted the antifungal potential of Combretum lamprocarpum leaf extracts on Alternaria porri the causal agent of purple blotch of onion and can reduce the reliance on synthetic fungicides. Further research and field trials should be conducted on the application methods and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this leaf extracts.

Keywords

Antifungal potencyPurple blotchAlternaria porriCombretum lamprocarpum

References

Abbas Q, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Ullah H, Ahmed R (2019) Effects of biochar on uptake acquisition and translocation of silver nanoparticles in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in relation to growth photosynthetic traits and nutrients displacement. environmental pollution journal. 083. Anonymous. (2019). Onion Paste/Power Production in Nigeria: The Feasibility Report. Retrieved from businessplansinnigeria.ng>onion-p. Abdel-Rahim IR, SII Abdel-Hafez, KAM Abo-Elyousr (2017). Onion purple blotch symptoms, at Assiut Governorate (Esgypt), caused by synergistic association between Alternaria porri and Stemphylium vesicarium. Journal of Plant Disease Protection 124:195?200. Adebayo, A. A., Tukur A. L. and Zainab A. A (2020). Climate, Sunshine, Temperature, Evaporation and Relative Humidity. In Adebayo, A.A. and Tukur, A.L. (Eds). Adamawa State in Maps Second edition.Paraclete Publishers Yola: Nigeria.Pp 3-5. Aya H Abo-Zaid, Karima G Helmy, Hala Abdel Wahab, Magdy G El-Samman (2020) Purple Blotch as Seed-Borne Disease of Onion and its Control Arab University. Journal of. Agricultural science., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt 28(4), 1245-1255, Dauda, W. P., S.E.L. Alao, A.B. Zarafi., O. Alabi. (2016) Farmers Perceptions of “Danzazzalau”: Disease Affecting Onions (Allium cepa L.). Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 15 No. 2, 93-100 Divya, Tiwari, S., Tiwari, J. K., & Kumar, A. (2022). Eco-friendly management of purple blotch (Alternaria porri (Ellis) disease of onion (Allium cepa L.)). Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 51(3), 541-546. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i3.62000. Dudday Venkata Vyshnavi, Sunkara Sivananda Swaroop, Akkiraju Sudheer, Somasekhar Reddy Kanala, Ramavath Muralidhar Naik, Onamala Varalakshmi. (2023). Plant-Derived Selected Bioactive Saponins and Tannins: Pharmacognosy. Research; 15(4):623-635 Ebre, F. I., Ezenwa, K. O., and Jacob, R. J. (2022). Suitability Analysis for Ginger Production in Song Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. FUTY Journal of the Environment Vol. 16 No. 1. Harborne, J.B. (1973). Phytochemicals Methods. 49-188, Chapman and Hall Ltd., London Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (2019). Cereal import dependency ratio. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#search/cereal%20import%20dependency%20ratio on 5/12/. Kevin e. conn., Jeffrey s., Lutton staci A., Rosenberger (2012). Onion Disease Guide. of seminis vegetable seeds. inc. Kim MY., Han JW., Dang QL., Kim J-C., Kim H., Choi GJ., (2022). Characterization of Alternaria porri causing onion purple blotch and its antifungal compound magnolol identified from Caryodaphnopsis baviensis. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0262836.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0262836. Kizito, Bello, Ayo and Isyaku. (2020). phytochemical screening and antibacterial studies of the leaf extract of Combretum lamprocarpum Diels (combretaceae). FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) Vol. 4 No. 1, March, 2020, pp 85 – 89 Nazifa, Z., Aminuzzaman, F. M., Laila, L. and Rehena, V. (2021). In Vitro Efficacy of Botanicals against Rice Blast Pathogen Magnaportheoryzaeoryzae, American Journal of Plant Sciences,12 (4):17-37. Nemeth, K., Piskula, M.K. (2007). Food content, processing, absorption and metabolism of onion flavanoid, crit rev. Food Science Nutrition, 47(4): 297-409 Nene, Y. and Thapilyal, L. (2000). Poisoned food technique of fungicides in plant disease control. 3rd Ed. Oxford and TBH Publishing Company, New Delhi. Nugroho, B., & Mildaryani, W. (2024). Antifungal effect of wild basil (Ocimum gratissimum) leaf extract on Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium cepae and Alternaria porri. Journal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 29(3), 364–371. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.29.3.364 Ravi, K. U. (2016). Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic uses of Allium cepa: A Review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(1): 1-19 R. T. Nivithaa Shree1, K. Kalpana, E. G. Ebenezar, M. Theradimani, S. Thiruvudainambi and S. Vellaikumar (2020). Survey for Purple Blotch Disease of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Cited by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cifin Different Regions of Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 Serawit Handisoa and Tesfaye Alemub. (2014). Evaluation of Extracts of Some Noxious Plants against Coffee Berry Disease (Colletotrichum kahawae L.). International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), Volume 16, No 1, pp 120-130 Sofowara. (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. pp 191-289.Spectrum books limited, Nigeria. Tijjani. A, Adebitan1, S.A; Gurama, A.U.; Aliyu, M.; Haruna, S.G.; Mohammad, G.U. and Mus’ab, I. (2014). In-vitro and In-vivo Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts for the Control of Tomato Fruit Rot Caused by Aspergillus Flavus. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, ISSN 2250-3153. Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. (1989). Pharmacognocy, 11thedn. Pp 45-50. Bailliere Tindall, London. Watanabe T. (2010). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi: morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. 2nd ed. ISBN 0-8493-1118-7. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural marketing. Wikipedia, (2018). Yola North. (Retrieved, 22nd April, 2018). Via; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yola_North Zakari, B. G, Zakari S. S and Talba, (2019). Usman. Potential of aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas on the control of post-harvest of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) fruits in Wukari. International Journal of Agricultural Biological Science.;3(3):92-99.

More Articles from RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Advances In NLP-Driven Analytics for Automated Detection of Regulatory Liabilities in High-Volume Contracts

Author: Ngonadi Uchechi, Michael Ominyi, Ngozi Samuel Uzougbo, Blessing Chika Jones,, USA

Resilient Test Automation Framework for Microservices: Addressing Integration, Scalability, and Reliability

Author: Awonowo Olusegun Oriyomi,, Anrinnle Qowiu Olaoluwa, Lawal Ahmed Oladimeji, Babayemi Temitayo Matthew, Azubuike Marvelous Onyedikachukwu, Olomu Ayomide Babatunde, Omitogun Ayomide Elijah