Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Peacebuilding and Sustainable Development in Post-Conflict Communities of the Niger Delta

Onuoha, Peter Chuks, Inyikalum, Daniel

Abstract

Several communities in the Niger Delta have been prone to oil related conflicts hence the need for effective Peacebuilding, conflict resolution strategies and sustainable development in such communities. Peace building and conflict resolution are crucial components of sustainable development, particularly in post-authoritarian societies like Nigeria. Conflicts therefore have become the mainstay of the region. Compounding this ecological devastation is the political marginalization and total oppression of the people and especially the derailment of their rights including land rights. As a result of gross neglect by both successive Federal Governments and trans- national conglomerates-shell, Gulf, Mobil, Agip, Texaco, Pan Ocean, Ashland, Philips, Tenneco and ELF operating in the region, the people in the region have continued to live with widespread poverty and deaths, complete lack of Socio-economic infrastructure, high rates of crime and unemployment. The paper was based on the qualitative method while the social system theory as propounded by Parsons (1971) was adopted. It asserts that society is a close social system that produces itself and its environment. The theory maintains that observers recursively self-construct everything that is meaningful in the world, beginning with the difference between themselves and their environment. The study found that Peace building and conflict resolution are crucial for achieving sustainable development in post-conflict regions like the Niger Delta. Effective peace building and conflict resolution efforts involve addressing the root causes of conflicts and promoting dialogue and reconciliation among conflicting parties. These efforts can create a more stable and peaceful society, which can create a more favourable environment for economic development and growth. It is herein recommended that promoting dialogue and reconciliation among conflicting parties will go a long way in facilitati

Keywords

Peacebuildingsustainable developmentpost conflict communitiesNiger Delta

References

Aderogba, A. (2016). Government amnesty programme and peace efforts in the Niger Delta Region: An analysis of Newspapers’ coverage. European Scientific Journal, 12(20), 26-37. Ajibola, I. O. (2015). Nigeria’s amnesty programme: The role of empowerment in achieving peace and development in post-conflict Niger Delta. Sage Open, July-SeptemberV2015,1-11. Ajodo-Adebanjoko, A. (2017). Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the Niger Delta Region. African Center for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes, September 12,2017. Akinbobola, I.O., & Aderoba, F. (2016). Reciprocity in violent conflict: Psychological assessment on beneficiaries of presidential amnesty programme in Niger Delta, Nigeria. African Journal for Psychological Study of Social Issues, 19(3), 152-168. Akinwale, A.A. (2010). Amnesty and human capital development agenda for the Niger Delta. Journal of African Studies and Development, 2(8), 201-207. Akpan, W. (2006). Between responsibility and rhetoric: Some consequences of CSR practice in Nigeria’s oil province. Development Southern Africa, 23(2), 223-240. Alfred, C. (2013). Global memorandum of understanding: An analysis of Shell Petroleum Development Companies current Community Development Model in the Niger Delta. International Journal Innovative Social Science and Humanities Research 2(1), 1-14. Amaeshi, K., Adi, B., Ogbechie, C.,& Amao, O. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in Nigeria: Western mimicry or indigenous influence? Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 24, 83-99. Asongu, S.A., Uduji, J.I. & Okolo-Obasi, E.N. (2019d). Homicide and social media: Global Empirical Evidence. Technology in Society, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101188 Asongu, S.A., Uduji, J.I. & Okolo-Obasi, E.N. (2019e). The persistence of weapons: Global evidence. Forthcoming: Politics and Policy. Carroll, A.B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Towards the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons 34, 39-48. Chevron (2017). Roots of change: Chevron’s model community empowerment programme in the Niger Delta. Lagos: Policy, Government & Public Affairs (PGPA) Department Chevron. (2014). Corporate responsibility report of Chevron in Nigeria. Lagos: Policy, Government & Public Affairs (PGPA) Department of Chevron in Nigeria. Davidheiser, M., & Nyiayaana, K. (2011). Demobilization or remobilization? The amnesty programme and the search for peace in the Niger Delta. African Security, 4(4), 573-596. Ebiede, T.M. (2018). Assessing the effectiveness of employment programmes for ex- combatants: A case study of Nigeria’s Post-Amnesty Programme (PAP), IDS Bulletin,49(5), 105-118. Edoho, F.M. (2008). Oil transnational corporations: Corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(4), 210-222. Ekhator, E.O. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and Chinese oil multinationals in the oil and gas industry of Nigeria: An appraisal. Cadern De Esthudos Africanos, 28, 119-140. Ering, S.O., Bassey, G., & Odike, E.L. (2013). The Niger Delta crisis in Nigeria: Pre and post amnesty situation, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(6), 421-427. Ero, C. (n.d.). "Community-based Approaches to Peacebuilding and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria." Journal of Peacebuilding and Development. Essien, A. (2008). Nigeria: Militancy, amnesty, power and economic growth (an intricate mix), Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences, 6(1). Frynas, J. (2009). Beyond corporate social responsibility: Oil multinationals and challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Goldstein, J., &Keohane, R. "Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework." International Organization, 1993. Gujarati, D.N. (2014). Basic Econometrics, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Gyimah-Boadi, E., ed. Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies: Themes and Perspectives. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008 Idemudia, U. (2014). Corporate-community engagement strategies in the Niger Delta: Some Critical reflections. The Extractive Industries and Society, 1(2), 154-162. Ite, U.E. (2007). Changing times and strategies: Shell’s contribution to sustainable community development in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Sustainable Development, 15(1), 1-14. Jones, T. "Peace Building and Conflict Resolution: Key Challenges and Opportunities." Conflict Resolution Quarterly 34, no. 1 (2016): 21-38. Jones, T. "The Impact of Conflict on Sustainable Development." Development Policy Review 37, no. 4 (2019): 512-527. Kaul, I., Conca, K., & Le Goulven, K. "From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development: An Overview." In I. Kaul, K. Conca, & K. Le Goulven, The United Nations and Sustainable Development: From Rio to Johannesburg, 1-18. New York, NY: Earthscan, 1999 Levitsky, S., & Way, L. A. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge University Press, 2018. Liebenehn, S., Affognon, H., & Waibel, H. (2011). Impact Assessment of Livestock Research and Development in West Africa: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 3(11), 253-266. Lompo, K., &Trani, J.F. (2013). Does corporate social responsibility contribute to human development in developing countries? Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 14(2), 241-265. Marchant, M. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and oil in the Niger Delta: Solution or part of the problem? United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISED). Mbalisi, O.F., Eheazu, L.C., & Kiyenowei, A. (2012). Amnesty programme for national development: A case study for adult education in Nigeria. Academic Research International, 2(3), 438-443. Muthuri, J.N. (2012).Corporate social responsibility in Africa: Definitions, issues and processes. Royal Hollowing University of London, School of Management Research Seminar. National Bureau of Statistics (2018). Statistical Report on Women and Men in Nigeria in 2018, Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). NDDC. (2021). The Niger Delta: A brief history. Port-Harcourt: Niger Delta Development Commission. Nwobueze, C.C., & Inokoba, P.K. (2017). Mortgaging tomorrow’s security through today’s graveyard peace: A critical discourse of the amnesty programme in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Review of History and Political Science, 5(2), 23-36. Obi, C. (2014). Oil and post-amnesty programme (PAP): what prospects for sustainable development and peace in the Niger Delta? Review of African Political Economy, 41(140), 249-263. O'Donnell, G. "Delegative Democracy." Journal of Democracy 5, no. 1 (1994): 55-69. Odozi, J.I., Awoyemi, T.T. & Omonona, B.T. (2010). Household Poverty and Inequality: The Implication of Migrants Remittance in Nigeria. Journal of Economic Policy Reform 3(2), 191-199. Odubo, F.E., & Tobor, J.O. (2016). Nigeria’s amnesty programme: An educational and cultural perspective. African Educational Research Journal, 4(1), 1-7. Ogbuene, A.C. (2017). Amnesty programme and youths’ empowerment in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A critical appraisal. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(3), 24-34. Ogege, S.O. (2011). Amnesty initiative and the dilemma of sustainable development in theNiger Delta. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(4), 249-258. Okoroafor, N., &Okoye, C. "Civil Society and Peace Building in Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities." 2017 Olatoke, J.O., & Olokooba, S.M. (2012). An examination of the constitutionality of the amnesty programme in the Niger Delta region of the federal republic of Nigeria. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 5, 22-30. Oluduro, O., & Oluduro, O. (2012). Nigeria: In search of sustainable peace in the Niger Delta through the amnesty programme. Journa

More Articles from JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LEADERSHIP RESEARCH

The Political Economy of Party Defection in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic

Author: Michun Wakili Dickson, Sabo Okonu 3Irene Chinasa Kekeocha-Christopher

Leadership Support Systems and Organizational Growth in Deposit Money Banks: Evidence from Rivers State, Nigeria

Author: Anireh, Uchenna Nicholas, Onwuanaku, Blessing, Happiness Nwanyi Elekwachi

The Challenges of Adopting the Responsibility to Protect in the Russian/Ukraine War

Author: Richard ThankGod Wabali Chimezie Chukwuemeka Eze