The Nigerian Civil War: Causes, Resolution, And Post-War Reconciliation Efforts

Abstract

The Nigerian Civil War, which ranged from 1967 to 1970, stands as a pivotal moment in the nation's history, marked by intense ethnic tensions and a profound struggle for control over resources and power. This abstract explores the multifaceted problems that led to the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War, the approaches taken to resolve the conflict, and the subsequent efforts to foster reconciliation among the warring factions. This study employs a historical research approach, drawing upon secondary sources, including archival documents and academic literature. It employs a chronological analysis to examine the evolution of the conflict and its resolution, supplemented by a qualitative content analysis of reconciliation efforts. Theoretical lens such as social identity theory, and reconciliation theory are used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the causes, dynamics, and post-war reconciliation initiatives related to the Nigerian Civil War. The findings reveal that the Nigerian Civil War was primarily rooted in ethnic and regional tensions, aggravated by economic disparities and political power struggles. The conflict led to widespread suffering and loss of life. The resolution was achieved through military force, resulting in the reunification of Nigeria but leaving deep scars. Post- war reconciliation efforts, including the "No Victor, No Vanquished" policy, amnesty programs, and national healing initiatives, have made progress in fostering unity but continue to face challenges. Based on the findings, this study recommends amongst others, encouraging dialogue and reconciliation initiatives at the grassroots level to address lingering grievances, and promoting transparency and inclusivity in post-conflict governance and resource management.

Keywords

References