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Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms to Monitor Drinking Water Pollution in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Review

Saadu Umar Wali, Abdullahi Bala Usman, Umar Abdullahi, Ibrahim Umar, Mohammed, and Jamil Musa Hayatu

Abstract

In arid and semi-arid regions, water pollution poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability and public health due to the limited availability and high vulnerability of water resources. Traditional methods for monitoring water quality often struggle to address the unique challenges of these regions, including sparse data collection and delayed response times. This review explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies in enhancing water pollution monitoring in these environments. By leveraging advanced data analytics, real-time processing, and predictive modelling, AI and ML offer promising solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional monitoring techniques. The review highlights the key causes and sources of water pollution in arid and semi-arid regions, such as agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and inadequate waste management. It examines current monitoring practices and their constraints, providing a foundation for understanding the potential benefits of AI and ML. Successful case studies from diverse regions demonstrate how these technologies can improve environmental monitoring efforts' accuracy, efficiency, and timeliness. Future directions include the integration of multi- source data, the development of real-time and predictive monitoring systems, and the use of autonomous technologies. However, these advancements come with challenges related to data quality, computational resources, and ethical considerations. Privacy, equity, transparency, and the environmental impact of AI technologies must be addressed to ensure that AI-driven solutions are effective and responsible. In conclusion, AI and ML represent transformative tools for enhancing water pollution monitoring in arid and semi-arid regions. While offering significant potential for improving environmental management, their successful implementation requires careful consideration of ethica

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI); Machine Learning (ML); Water Pollution; Arid and Semi-Arid Regions.

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