References
Alongi, D. M. (2014). Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests. Annual Review of Marine Science, 6, 195–219. Barenblitt, A., Lola Fatoyinbo, N. Thomas, A. Stovall,. (2024). Invasion in the Niger Delta: Remote sensing of mangrove conversion to Nypa palm. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation. 5,200-215. Bunting, P., Rosenqvist, A., Hilarides, L., Lucas, R., Thomas, N., Hardy, A., Itoh, T., Shimada, M., Finlayson, C., Jia, M., Matsumoto, M., Pham, T. D., Trisasongko, B. H., Worthington, T. A., Spalding, M., Murray, N. J., & Rebelo, L. M. (2022). Global Mangrove Extent Change 1996–2020: Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0. Remote Sensing, 14(15), 3657. Bryan, T., Virdin, J., Kot, C. Y., Cleary, J., & Halpin, P. N. (2020). Blue carbon conservation in West Africa: A first assessment of feasibility. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 24, 1–15. Donato, D. C., Kauffman, J. B., Murdiyarso, D., Kurnianto, S., Stidham, M., & Kanninen, M. (2011). Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nature Geoscience, 4, 293–297. Duarte, C. M., Losada, I. J., Hendriks, I. E., Mazarrasa, I., & Marbà, N. (2013). Assessing the capacity of seagrass meadows for carbon burial: Current limitations and future challenges. Global Change Biology, 19, 2705–2717. Howard, J.; Hoyt, S.; Isensee, K.; Telszewski, M.; Pidgeon, E. (2014). Coastal Blue Carbon: Methods for Assessing Carbon Stocks and Emissions Factors in Mangroves, Tidal Marshes and Seagrasses. Conservation International, Smithsonian, and Wetlands International. (Technical guidance). CGSpace IPCC. (2019). Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Kauffman, J. B., Adame,M.F., Arifanti,V.B., Schile-Beers, L.M., Bernardino,A.F.,Bhomia,R.K., (2020). Total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangroves across broad environmental and latitudinal gradients. Ecosphere, 11(4), e03194. McLeod, E., Chmura, G. L., Bouillon, S., Salm, R., et al. (2011). A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO?. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9(10), 552–560. Mwikamba, E. M. (2024). A review of seagrass cover, status and trends in Africa. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (review). Nigeria National Council on Climate Change (NCCC). (2023). Nigeria’s Long-Term Low- Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) – 2060. UNFCCC resource. Nellemann, C., Corcoran, E., Duarte, C. M., Valdés, L.(2009). Blue carbon: The role of healthy oceans in binding carbon – A Rapid Response Assessment. UNEP/GRID-Arendal. (Policy report). Pendleton, L., Donato, D. C., Murray, B. C., Crooks, S., Jenkins, W. A. (2012). Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e43542. Reuters. (2025). Coastal surges sweep away Nigeria coastal community as Commonwealth promise stalls. Reuters reporting on Lagos coastal impacts. Salinas, C., Salinas, C.; Duarte, C. M.; Lavery, P. S.; Masque, P.; Arias-Ortiz, A.; Leon, J. X.; Callaghan, D.; Kendrick, G.A.; Serrano, O. (2020). Seagrass losses since mid-20th century fuelled CO? emissions. Global Change Biology, 26, 5250–5261. Sidi Cheikh, M. A.,Bandeira,S., Soumah,S., Diouf,G., Diouf,E.M.,Sanneh,O.,Cardoso,N. (2022). Seagrasses of West Africa: New discoveries, distribution limits and prospects for management. Biodiversity, 15(1), 5. State of the World’s Mangroves 2024. (2024). Mangrove Alliance / GMW synthesis report. UNFCCC / NDC Partnership. (2023). Blue carbon insight brief: integrating coastal wetlands into climate actions (policy brief). UNEP. (n.d.). Sustainable Blue Economy. United Nations Environment Programme resources on blue economy guidance. https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/ecosystem- based-approaches/sustainable-blue-economy WorldFish. (2024). Challenges and a way forward for nature-positive, resilient coastal livelihoods in Nigeria (policy insights and programmatic recommendations). Rodrigues, J. V., José Vítor Rodrigues; Cotovicz L.C; Beloto.N; Gmach,M.R; Bezerra ,E.A. (2024). Historical land use changes lead to massive loss of soil carbon in coastal wetlands (case studies). Science of the Total Environment. 7,30-45. Sasmito, S. D. ; Sillanpää,M; Hayes,M.A; Bachri.S; Saragi-Sasmito,M.F;Sidik,F; Bayu, B. (2020). Mangrove blue carbon stocks: Variability and implications for carbon accounting. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 45,1-16. Hatje, V.Masqué ,P, Patire,V.F., Dórea,A., Barros ,F. (2021). Blue carbon stocks, accumulation rates, and associated environmental drivers across seagrass and mangrove biogeographic settings. Limnology and Oceanography, 66, 1–20. Breithaupt, J. L.,Steinmuller,H.E., Rovai ,A.S., Engelbert, K.M., Smoak,J.M., Chambers,L.G., Radabaugh,K.R., Moyer,R.P. (2023). An improved framework for estimating organic carbon in coastal wetlands: addressing spatial variability. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 31, 1–18. Mwikamba, E., Githaiga ,M.N.,Briers,R.O & Huxham,M.,(2024). Regional seagrass review and policy implications for West Africa. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. (See DOI in entry 12).
