Malaria Prevalence, Distributions and Mosquito Abundance in Selected Locations of Jalingo Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigated malaria prevalence, mosquito species distribution, and abundance in three wards of Jalingo Local Government Area (LGA), Taraba State, Nigeria Majidadi, Mayo-Gwoi, and Sarkin-Dawaki. A total of 370 individuals were randomly selected for malaria screening using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits. Mosquitoes were collected using pyrethrum spray collections (PSC) and identified morphologically with standard keys. Overall malaria prevalence was 31.9%, with females showing higher infection rates. Majidadi recorded the highest prevalence (64.4%), while Sarkin-Dawaki had the lowest (16.9%). Children aged 1–9 years and adults aged 30–39 years were the most affected. Seasonal variations indicated peak mosquito density in August. A total of 5,425 mosquitoes were collected, of which Anopheles gambiae was the predominant malaria vector, accounting for 75.0% of all mosquitoes sampled. The Shannon–Weiner Diversity Index revealed higher species diversity in Sarkin-Dawaki but greater abundance of female Anopheles in Majidadi. These findings highlight the combined influence of demographic, ecological, and seasonal factors on malaria transmission in Jalingo. Strengthened vector control, environmental management, and community-based interventions are recommended to reduce malaria burden.
Keywords
Malaria prevalenceAnopheles gambiaemosquito abundanceJalingoTaraba State
References
Abah, A. E., Olisa, R., & Ugwu, P. C. (2019). Prevalence of malaria among children in Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2019, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9276347 Afolabi, B. M., Sofola, O. T., & Okoh, F. (2021). Environmental risk factors and malaria transmission in Nigeria. Malaria Journal, 20(1), 228–236. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936- 021-03771-8 Alilio, M. S., et al. (2023). Historical and current perspectives on malaria control in Africa. Malaria Journal, 22(1), 1–14. Alilio, M. S., et al. (2023). Historical perspectives on malaria control in Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 15(2), 45–59. Amoah, S. K., Owusu-Ansah, K., & Adjei, S. (2019). Impact of rice cultivation on malaria transmission in Ghana. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2019, 1–9. Awolola, T. S., Adeogun, A. O., Olakiigbe, A. K., & Oduola, A. O. (2020). Impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector control in Nigeria. Parasites & Vectors, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04244-5 Bassi, A. P., Igbudu, J., & Yakubu, S. (2022). Malaria burden among occupationally exposed adults in central Nigeria. Annals of Global Health, 88(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3821 Coetzee, M., Hunt, R. H., & Wilkerson, R. (2020). Distribution and role of the Anopheles gambiae complex in malaria transmission in Africa. Trends in Parasitology, 36(5), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2020.01.004 Cox, F. E. G. (2022). Malaria: A global perspective. The Lancet, 399(10333), 369–381. Denise, A., et al. (2023). Environmental determinants of malaria transmission. Environmental Health Perspectives, 131(3), 035002. Desai, M., Gutman, J., & Otieno, K. (2020). Gender-related vulnerability to malaria: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15(7), e0236111. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236111 Eze, C., Eze, C. A., & Chikezie, I. (2020). Malaria prevalence and environmental factors in rural Nigerian communities. African Health Sciences, 20(3), 1345–1354. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i3.27 Frey, C., et al. (2021). Seasonal variation in bed-net usage in Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal, 20, Frey, J., et al. (2021). Seasonal variation in bed net use and malaria risk in Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal, 20, 1–9. Garba, L. C., Wama, E., & Ishaku, C. (2018). Seasonal variation in Anopheles density and malaria transmission in Taraba State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 39(2), 201–210. Gebre, T., et al. (2020). Effectiveness of community health education on malaria prevention in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 20, 1–10. Hodges, T. K., Kamau, L., & Munywoki, P. (2022). Anopheles vector diversity and malaria transmission dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. Nature Communications, 13(1), 1943. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29651-1 Hviid, L., & Staalsoe, T. (2023). Maternal immunity and malaria in pregnancy. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 105676. Imbahale, S. S., Githeko, A. K., & Mukabana, W. R. (2021). Environmental drivers of malaria transmission in Africa. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.638215 Incardona, S., Serra-Casas, E., & Sawadogo, R. (2020). Gender, culture, and malaria prevention: Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Global Health Action, 13(1), 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1821923 Loaiza, J. R., Bermingham, J., & Conn, J. E. (2021). Ecological variation and malaria transmission risk in Africa. Parasites & Vectors, 14(1), 56–70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021- 04543-1 Menard, D., et al. (2020). Malaria in children under five: Vulnerability and immunity. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102(4), 755–763. Minja, H., Mpondo, B., & Lemnge, M. (2020). Gender roles and malaria prevention in Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 19(1), 312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03418-1 MIS (2020). Nigeria malaria control strategy. Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. MIS (Ministry of Health, Nigeria). (2020). Nigeria National Malaria Strategic Plan 2020–2023. Abuja: Nigerian Ministry of Health. Mishra, S., et al. (2020). Nigeria's national malaria strategy. Nigerian Journal of Public Health, 8(1), 12–23. Nabarro, D., & Mendis, K. (2020). Climate change and malaria: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 1–12. Nabarro, D., & Mendis, K. (2020). Vector resistance and future control strategies. World Health Organization Bulletin, 98(11), 789–795. Nijhout, H. F. (2021). Behavioral models of health decision-making. Artificial Life, 27(2), 273– Okonko, I. O., Adewale, O. G., & Ogun, A. A. (2018). Malaria prevalence in southwest Nigeria: A multi-community study. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 30(2), 1– https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2018/42725 Oladepo, O., Uzochukwu, B., & Obinna, E. (2020). Malaria morbidity and mortality in Nigeria: A review of national data. Malaria Journal, 19(1), 349. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020- 03489-0 Onyishi, I. E., Ezire, O., & Uche, I. (2021). Epidemiology of malaria in Nigeria: Current status and challenges. PLoS ONE, 16(6), e0253210. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253210 RBM (Roll Back Malaria) Partnership. (2020). World Malaria Report 2020. Geneva: WHO. Reiter, P. (2020). Land use and malaria transmission. Infectious Disease Reviews, 18(1), 1–20. White, G. (2021). Anopheles mosquitoes and malaria transmission. Vector Biology Reviews, 7, 45– White, G. B. (2021). Malaria vectors and transmission. Vector Biology and Control, 10(3), 123– World Health Organization. (2022). World malaria report 2022. WHO. Yaya, S., Uthman, O. A., & Ekholuenetale, M. (2018). Gender inequality and malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-018-0414-8
More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICAL THEORY
5-Point Block Backward Differentiation Formulae for Solving Stiff Chemical Reaction Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Author: Samson Yunusa, Imande Terdon Terlumun,, Etuk Emmanuel Dan, and Micah Michael
Analytical–Numerical Solution of a Temperature-Dependent Volterra Integro-Differential Model for Avian Influenza Transmission with Saturated Incidence and Environmental Feedback Via an Enhanced Adomian Decomposition Method
Author: Ejes, Valentine, Liberty Ebiwareme
Modelling Dengue Transmission Dynamics using a Two-Time Delay Differential Equation
Author: Uwakwe, J. I., Anyanwu, E., Inalegwu, N.
Intelligent Diagnosis and Dynamic Differentiated Instruction for High-School Mathematics Concepts Based on APOS Theory - Model Development, Implementation Pathway, And Validation Plan
Author: Xi Yang, Wenzhuo Zhang
Distribution-Free Error Control for Fraud Alert Triage: Conformal Anomaly P-Values Under Class Imbalance, Concept Drift, and Calibration Contamination
Author: Olamiji Onafowokan1, Olawale Fadugba2, Deborah Okunola1, Alex Mendy1