Physico-Chemical Test and Microbiological Analysis of 4 Different Species of Beer made in BB Kara, TOGO
Abstract
Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of 4 species of beer. Materials and methods: Four different species of beer (Castel, Awooyo, Pils and Lager) were analyzed. For each beer we examined physicochemical parameters like pH, CO2 concentration, bitterness, foam retention, and alcohol content. Membrane filtration method is used to detect microbial contamination of the beers as total germs, wild yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and brewing yeasts.
Keywords
Quality controlBeers sampleBitternessLactic Acid BacteriaYeastsTotal Bacteria
References
1. Rehm J., Gmel G., Sempos C.T., and Trevisan M. Alcohol-Related Morbidity and Mortality Alcohol Research & Health. 2003, Vol. 27, No. 1, 39-51 Niemelä O.M., Aalto M., Bloigu A., Bloigu R., Halkola A.S., Laatikainen T. Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Laboratory Indices of Health: Does Type of Alcohol Preferred Make a Difference? Nutrients 2022, 14, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214529 Collins M.A., Neafsey E.J., Mukamal K.J., Gray, M.O., Parks D.A., Das D.K., Korthuis R.J. Alcohol in moderation, cardioprotection, and neuroprotection: Epidemiological considerations and mechanistic studies. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2009, 33, 206–219. Laatikainen T., Manninen L., Poikolainen K., Vartiainen E. Increased mortality related to heavy alcohol intake pattern. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2003, 57, 379–384. Connor J.P., Haber P.S., Hall W.D. Alcohol use disorders. Lancet 2016, 387, 988–998. Schwarzinger M., Pollock B.G., Hasan O.S.M., Dufouil C., Rehm J. Contribution of alcohol use disorders to the burden of dementia in France 2008-13: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health 2018, 3, e124–e132. Witkiewitz K., Hallgren K.A., Kranzler H.R., Mann K.F., Hasin D.S., Falk D.E., Litten R.Z., O’Malley S.S., Anton, R.F. Clinical validation of reduced alcohol consumption after treatment for alcohol dependence using the World Health Organization risk drinking levels. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2017, 41, 179–186. Granato D., Branco G.F., Faria J.D.A.F., Cruz A.G. Characterization of Brazilian lager and brown ale beers based on color, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity using chemometrics. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2011, 91, 563–571. Oladokun O., James S., Cowley T., Dehrmann F., Smart K., Hort J., Cook D. Perceived bitterness character of beer in relation to hop variety and the impact of hop aroma. Food Chem. 2017, 230, 215–224. Pai T.V., Sawant S.Y., Ghatak A.A., Chaturvedi P.A., Gupte A.M., Desai N.S. (2015) Characterization of Indian beers: chemical composition and antioxidant potential. J Food Sci Technol. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s13197- 013- 1152-2 De Roos J., Vandamme P., De Vuyst L. 2018. Wort substrate consumption and metabolite production during lambic beer fermentation and maturation explain the successive growth of specific bacterial and yeast species. Front Microbiol 9:2763. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb. 2018.02763 Basumatary M., Gogoi M (2014) A traditional alcoholic beverage Jou: Prepared by Bodo community of Assam. India Int J Multi- discip Res Dev 1(7):307–313 Bayoï J. R., Darman Djoulde R., and Etoa F-X. Traditional processing, physicochemical and microbial properties of "white kapsiki" beer made from "Mandara" mountain in North Cameroun. Afrique SCIENCE 12(2) (2016) 123 - 134 123 ISSN 1813-548X, http://www.afriquescience.info American Public Health Association “APHA” 1992. “Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. 3rd Ed. APHA Technical Committee on Microbiological Methods for Foods. Washington, D. C. USA. ISO, 2004, Sixième edition, 2017-11. Natural rubber latex concentrate — Centrifuged or creamed, ammonia-preserved types — Specifications Carter G.R., Cole J.R. 1990. “Diagnostic procedures in veterinary bacteriology and mycology”. 5th Ed., Academic Press, Harcourt, Boace. J., New York, Boston, Tokyo, Toronto. Cato E.P., George W.L., Finegold S.M. 1986. “Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Vol.2. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA. MacFaddine F. 1980. “Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria”. 2nd Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA. Cruickshank R., Duguid J.P., Marmion B.P., Swain R.H. 1975. “Medical Microbiology”. 2nd Ed., Vol.2. The Practice of Medical microbiology, Churchill Living Stone Edinburgh. Pai T.V., Sawant S.Y., Ghatak A.A., Chaturvedi P.A., Gupte, A.M., Desai N.S. Characterization of Indian beers: Chemical composition and antioxidant potential. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2015, 52, 1414–1423. [CrossRef] Granato D., Branco G.F., Faria J.D.A.F., Cruz, A.G. Characterization of Brazilian lager and brown ale beers based on color, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity using chemometrics. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2011, 91, 563–571. [CrossRef] Oladokun O., James S., Cowley T., Dehrmann F., Smart K., Hort J., Cook D. Perceived bitterness character of beer in relation to hop variety and the impact of hop aroma. Food Chem. 2017, 230, 215–224. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Baxter E.D., Hughes P.S. Beer: Quality, Safety and Nutritional Aspects; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, UK, 2001. Guinard J.X., Souchard A., Picot M., Rogeaux M., Sieffermann J.M. Sensory Determinants of the Thirst-quenching Character of Beer. Appetite 1998, 31, 101–115. [CrossRef] 2018 CraftBeer.com Beer Styles Guide, Brewers Association. Available online: http://www.craftbeer.com/beer-styles-guide (accessed on 20 March 2020). Caballero I., Blanco C.A., Porras M. Iso-?-Acids, Bitterness and Loss of Beer Quality during Storage. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2012, 26, 21–30. [CrossRef] 27. Zhang P., Hai H., Sun D., Yuan W., Liu W., Ding R., Teng M., Ma L., Tian J., Chen C. A high throughput method for total alcohol determination in fermentation broths. BMC Biotechnol. 2019, 19, 30. [CrossRef] Bortoleto G.G., Gomes W.P.C., Ushimura L.C., Bonanca R.A., Novello E.H. Evaluation of the pro?le of volatile organic compounds in industrial and craft beers. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 2022, 12, e5532. [CrossRef] Shumin H.U., Hua Y.I.N., Xiaxia L.I., Minghao F.A.N., Huajun L.I. Effects of moderate beer consumption on immunity and the gut microbiome in immunosuppressed mice. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2025; 44(1): 32–42. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.2024-045 PMCID: PMC11700549 Collins M.A., Neafsey E.J., Mukamal K.J., Gray M.O., Parks D.A., Das D.K., Korthuis, R.J. Alcohol in moderation, cardioprotec- tion, and neuroprotection: Epidemiological considerations and mechanistic studies. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2009, 33, 206–219. [CrossRef] Bamforth C.W. Nutritional aspects of beer—A review. Nutr. Res. 2002, 22, 227–237. [CrossRef] Evans D.E., Sheehan M.C. Don’t be fobbed off: The substance of beer foam—A review. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2002, 60, 47–57. [CrossRef] Combe A.L., Ang J.K., Bamforth C.W. Positive and negative impacts of specialty malts on beer foam: A comparison of various cereal products for their foaming properties. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2013, 93, 2094–2101. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Aguiar D., Pereira A.C., Marques J.C. The In?uence of Transport and Storage Conditions on Beer Stability—a Systematic Review. Food Bioprocess. Technol. 2022, 15, 1477–1494. [CrossRef] Speers R. A., MacIntosh A. J. Carbon dioxide solubility in beer. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2013, 71, 242–247. 10.1094/ASBCJ-2013-1008-01. [DOI] [Google Scholar] Langos D., Granvogl M., Schieberle P. Characterization of the key aroma compounds in two Bavarian wheat beers by means of the sensomics approach. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 11303–11311. 10.1021/jf403912j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Olaniran A.O., Hiralal L., Mokoena M.P., Pillay B. Flavour-Active Volatile Compounds in Beer: Production, Regulation and Control. J. Inst. Brew. 2017, 123, 13–23. [CrossRef] Chandrashekar J., Yarmolinsky D., von Buchholtz L., Oka Y., Sly W., Ryba N. J., Zucker C. S. The taste of carbonation. Science 2009, 326, 443–445. 10.1126/science.1174601. [DOI] [PMC free article] Liger-Belair G., Parmentier M., Jeandet P. Modeling the kinetics of bubble nucleation in champagne and carbonated beverages. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 21145–21151. 10.1021/jp0640427. [DOI] Zakhari S. Overview: How Is Alcohol Metabolized by the Body? Alcohol Res. Health 2006, 29, 245–254. [PubMed] Ncube S., Dube S., Nindi M.M. Determination of Volatile Compounds during Deteriora
More Articles from RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Okpa
Produced from Bambara Groundnut Flour in
Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Author: Thomas C.N & Okoro Samuel D
Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Blends of Cassava Fufu, Cooking Banana (Musa saba) and African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Composite Flours and Paste.
Author: Ogbonnaya, M., Onumadu, K. S. & Nwogu, O. G. and Ben-Udechukwu, C.
Vegetables as Source of Functional Foods and Nutraceutical: Their Role in Disease Prevention
Author: Yepshak, Nanyen Bitrus
Evaluation of the Quality of Selected Locally Sourced Oil Base for the Making of Salad and Mayonnaise Creams
Author: Oyet Gogomary.I, and Chibor Bariwere S.
Phytochemical, Vitamin Composition and Bacterial Contamination of Pleurotus Ostreatus and Pleurotus Tuber-Regium
Author: Owabie, P. I, Wala Chimela
