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Development of Biodegradable Cassava Starch Films Reinforced with Eggshell Powder for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup in Nigeria

John Alabo Michael, Chinedum O Mgbemena, Sani Mamman, Aghemwenhio Itohan, Sandra, Ese Lawrence Ekanem, Onwugbuta Godpower Chukwuemeka, Ikechukwu S, Chikwe, Aho Terhile Nathaniel and, Erienu Obruche Kennedy

Abstract

The environmental impact of petroleum-based plastics has sped up the search for biodegradable options made from renewable resources. This research looks into cassava starch films enhanced with eggshell powder (ESP) as a sustainable packaging solution, focusing on biodegradability, industrial viability, and sustainability strategies in Nigeria. The experimental sampling method was used in this study. Films were created through solution casting, using glycerol, gelatin, and beeswax as additives. Soil burial tests conducted over 90 days showed that the control film (0% ESP) degraded by 89.6%, while the reinforced film (5% ESP) degraded by 78.4%, confirming their biodegradability in natural settings. The results indicate that cassava starch–ESP films are practical, eco-friendly substitutes for traditional plastics, providing a way for Nigeria to develop sustainable packaging industries.

Keywords

Biodegradable filmsCassava starchEggshell powderSustainability pathwayssoil

References

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