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Social Media and the Functionality of Democratic Institutions in Nigeria and Ghana 2010–2020

Emeka Evaristus Okafor, OBC Nwankwo PhD, Charles A Obiora PhD

Abstract

This paper comparatively examined the nature of the nexus between social media technologies and consolidation of democracy in Nigeria and Ghana. Specifically, it examined the effect of the use of social media on the functionality of democratic institutions of elections and political parties in the two countries from 2010–2020 measured in terms of the extent it facilitated contestation and participation as defining elements of democracy. The qualitative study adopted ex post facto research design and relied exclusively on secondary sources of information. The research also paid attention to the factors of digital divide, political Culture, Government Regulation among others and found out that they had consequential and differential impacts in both countries. It found out, among others, that social media has had a complex and multifaceted impact on the functionality of the two key institution, and, therefore, on democratic consolidation in the two countries. On the negative side, the research found out that misinformation and disinformation, online harassment and hate speech, manipulation of public opinion, in both countries created a hostile environment for political participation contestation. Comparatively, however, the dynamic usage of the new technology contributed to the internalization of the values of transparency and accountability more in Ghana than Nigeria where the issue of corruption, violence and widespread disillusionment about democracy and its processes, remained a tense and fighting one. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others that both countries should prioritize digital literacy of elite and citizen alike, and, while promoting responsible online behaviour, should strike a balance between regulation and freedom of expression.

References

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