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Water Quality and Pollution Indices of River Onyongo in Oju Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Blessing, OO, A Onekutu, and T Okoh

Abstract

This Research investigated the pollution indices of river Onyongo in both wet and dry seasons (2023 to 2024). Physicochemical properties and microbial quality content of the water were investigated at three different points namely Ogbala, Oyobi and Ubeke respectively using standard laboratory procedures and heavy metal were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Physicochemical properties varied significantly (P<0.05) with season and locations and were within permissible limits except Phosphate (0.65mg/ml) and Nitrate (11.1mg/L) that exceeded permissible limits (0.3 and 3.0mg/L). Heavy metals content was within permissible limits except Pb (0.02 mg/L) in dry season> permissible limit (0.01mg/L). Pollution indices (PI) at the three locations were >1 in both rainy (1.97) and dry (2.84) seasons in descending order: Oyobi>Ubeke>Ogbala. TCC and TVC values were significantly (P<0.05) higher in dry season than rainy season. TVC and TCC in dry season were higher than WHO’s permissible limit (100 cfu/ml) while in the wet season only TCC values were less than the permissible limt. Ogbala had the highest values of TVC (248.00±8.64cfu/ml) and TCC (118.00±8.64cfu/ml) in both dry and rainy seasons. Seven Genera of bacterial were identified which included: Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Bacillus, Shigella, Salmonella, and Escherichia. The most prevalent bacteria were Staphylococcus (83.3%) and Klebsiella (91.7%) in the rainy and dry seasons respectively. The outcome of this study suggests adequate preventive and control measures to decontaminate the river water and make it safe for public consumption.

Keywords

River Onyongowater safetyphysicochemicalheavy metals and microbial analysis

References

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