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Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Responses of Soils to Cattle Market Activities in Southeastern Nigeria

Okafor, M J, Odoh, P A, Nnabuihe, E C, Nwosu, T V, Apalowo, O A, Onunwa, A, O, Anene, C K, Ernest, C I, Nwaiwu, C J, Nwankwo, J E, Obidiebube, E A, Uko, I, Anarah, S E

Abstract

The study assessed the influence of cattle market activities on soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in Amansea (Anambra State) and Ugwuoba (Enugu State), Southeastern Nigeria. Composite soil samples (0 - 30cm) were collected from cattle market sites and adjacent controls and analyzed for texture, bulk density, pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), exchangeable bases, available phosphorus (Av.P), and heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb). Results showed that cattle market soils were enriched with OC, TN, and Av.P compared to control sites. Exchangeable acidity (Al3+, H+) was also high in cattle market soils, with slight reduction in pH. Chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) concentrations were significantly higher (p ? 0.05) in cattle market soils, while lead (Pb) concentration were moderately higher, but not significantly difference (p ? 0.05) from control soils. Heavy metals were strongly correlated with OC, TN, Ca+, Mg2+, and Av.P, and negatively correlated with soil pH, K+, and Na+. Meanwhile, all heavy metal concentrations remained below WHO permissible limits. The study therefore, recommended low- cost interventions, including designated manure collection, liming, and community-led monitoring, to balance environmental protection in livestock markets.

Keywords

Soil PropertiesCattle marketOrganic manureHeavy metalsSoutheastern Nigeria.

References

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