Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in some Selected Surface Water in Obudu and Obanliku Local Government Areas of Cross River State

Edet; Bassey Bassey; Iwu; Okechukwu Marcellus

doi:10.56201/ijccp.vol.11.no4.2025.pg89.102

📄 Download Paper

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in some Selected Surface Water in Obudu and Obanliku Local Government Areas of Cross River State

Edet, Bassey Bassey, Iwu, Okechukwu Marcellus

Abstract

The hydrologic cycle describes the continuous movement of water above, on and below the surface of the Earth. The water on the Earth’s surface (surface water) occurs as streams, lakes, and wetlands, as well as bays and oceans. Surface water is any source of water that is open to the atmosphere and is subject to run off from the land. Hence, it is very likely to contain microorganisms that can cause sickness and, in some cases, more serious, even fatal illnesses. The greatest posed of the problem of surface water is its pointed sources of contamination. The pointed sources are mainly from human activities; these pollute the surface water with pollutants such as nutrients, pathogens and chemical elements which in turn have much effect on the environment. One of the main point sources for surface water contamination is agriculture runoffs containing pesticides and fertilizers, which in turn seep through the soil. & found it destroying the quality of surface water. In Obudu and Obanliku Local Government Areas in Northern Cross River State, Nigeria, are known for their rich natural resources and diverse ecosystems. However, the increasing population and agricultural activities in these areas have raised concerns about the potential impact on surface water quality. Heavy metal pollution in surface water bodies is a significant environmental issue that may have severe implications for human health and aquatic ecosystems. For the purpose of this study, the concentration of heavy metals in five selected surface water bodies in Obudu and Obanliku Local Government Areas were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for the following metals; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe and Pb. and the risks assessment were obtained, associated with this heavy metal pollution in the study area. The results obtained indicates that the P-values for studied metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb & Zn) showed that the results are significant level of duplicate concen

References

Adigun, O. D (2019). Environmental Assessment of Surface Water/Coal DepositInteraction from Trace Minerals in Okaba Coal Field, Okaba North CentralNigeria. Journal of Engineering and Technolog.y DOI: 10.46792/fuoyejet.v4i2.422 Akpe, M. A., Odey, J &Agwupuye, J. A (2019). Concentration of Selected HeavyMetals in Soil and Edible Vegetables in Obanliku Urban Area of CrossRiver State,Nigeria Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 24(6): 1-8. Andarani, P. Alimuddin, H., Suzuki, R., Yokota, K & Inoue, T (2021). Zinccontamination in surface water of the Umeda River, Japan. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 623 Araoye, O., Omole, D. O., & Agboola, O. (2025). Human Health Risk Assessmentof Cadmium in the Groundwater Resources of Some Nigerian Communities.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, DOI:10.15244/pjoes/199618. Barbara M., Izabela K., Adam S., Magdalena B., Danuta, B (2015). Chromium and its speciationin water samples by HPLC/ICP-MS-technique establishing metrological traceability: Areview since 2000, Elsevier, 132: 814-824. Dickson, A.U & Elachi, U.E (2025). Assessment of heavy metal levels in watersamples collected from Odugbo River, Benue State Nigeria. Internationaljournal of emerging research in engineering, science and management(IJERESM).4(2):1-6. Grace O. E, Barth N.E, Bassey E. E and Emmanuel E. I (2016). Preliminaryinvestigation of Pegmatites in Obudu Area, Southeastern Nigeria, usingstream sedimentsgeochemistry. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 22 (2016):167-175. Health Victoria (2024). Copper in water https://www.health.vic.gov.au accessed 12th August,2025. Hossain, M (1999). Effects of Copper on aquatic Ecosystems - A review Khulna University Studies. 1 (2): 259-266. Kathy, C. N., Subramanian, K., Ellen, J.D.L, Huda, M.,Janine C.,Julie L.Y., Djordje V.,LaurieH.M. C & Annie S (2024). Blood lead levels in the general population and vulnerable subpopulations and related risk factors for lead exposure in Canada. Hygiene andEnvironmental Health Advances, 9. Katsanou,K and Karapanagioti,H.K (2017).Surface Water and GroundwaterSources for Drinking

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in some Selected Surface Water in Obudu and Obanliku Local Government Areas of Cross River State

Abstract

References

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES