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Comparative Study of Corrosion Inhibition and Surface Interaction Mechanisms of CaO Nanoparticles on Low Carbon Steel in HCl and H2SO4 Media

Kufre E Essien, Akanimo N Ekanem, Aniedi E Nyong

Abstract

The corrosion inhibition performance of calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles on low carbon steel was evaluated in 1.0 M HCl and 1.0 M H?SO? using gravimetric measurements over a temperature range of 303–333 K, supported by UV–Vis spectroscopy and adsorption thermodynamics. Weight loss results showed that CaO nanoparticles significantly reduced corrosion rates in both media, with inhibition efficiency increasing with nanoparticle concentration and decreasing with temperature. Maximum efficiencies of 91% (HCl) and 73% (H?SO?) were obtained at 10 mg·L?¹ and 303 K. Thermodynamic parameters (?G° < ?20 kJ·mol?¹, negative ?H° and ?S°) confirmed a spontaneous, exothermic, and predominantly physisorption-driven mechanism, with higher adsorption affinity (Kads) in HCl. UV–Vis analysis revealed acid-dependent nanoparticle transformations: a slight redshift and modest long-wavelength absorbance increase in HCl suggested mild surface modification and aggregation, whereas a larger redshift, spectral broadening, and baseline elevation in H?SO? indicated stronger complexation with corrosion products and greater aggregation. These findings demonstrate that CaO nanoparticles provide more effective and thermally stable inhibition in chloride media, while sulfate media induce more pronounced nanoparticle alteration.

References

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