Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Influence of Urban Sprawl on Environmental Health Quality in Port Harcourt with Other Cities

Prof Innime RIGHTEOUS, PhD, PhD, FAIPH, FAPHA, Umasom EREMONI JOHN PhD

Abstract

Urban sprawl refers to general increase in population and the amount of industrialization of a settlement. It includes increase in the number and extent of cities. It symbolizes the movement of people from rural to urban areas. urban sprawl happens because of the increase in the extent and density of urban areas. Due to uncontrolled urban sprawl in India, environmental degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing many problems like land insecurity, worsening water quality, excessive air pollution, noise and the problems of waste disposal. This paper emphasizes on the effect of urban sprawl on environmental components mainly climate, biosphere, land and water resources. A case study of urban sprawl in Port Harcourt metropolitan have been carried out leading to conclude on the existing causes of damage to the environment due to urban sprawl and preventive measures to keep a check on them. Although it is impossible to restrict urban sprawl it has to be ensured that urban sprawl proceeds in the right path causing minimum influence on environment.

Keywords

InfluenceUrbanSprawlEnvironmentalHealthQuality

References

Abubakar, A (2011), Concepts In Environmentally Responsive Architecture: Su stainable Design And Construction. A Seminar Paper Presented At The NI A Biennial General Meeting, 16th-19th November Ahlburg D. A (1994), Return Migration from the United States to American Sa moa; Evidence from 1980 to 1990 Census Pacif. Stu 17: 71-84. Pubmed, CSA Akolade, G. O (2007), Effect of Urbanisation on Sustainable Development in South-West Nigeria; PhD Research, unpublished, Department of Econo mics, University of Lagos, Nigeria Agbola, Tunde, (2006), “urban sprawl, Physical Planning and Urban Develop ment in West Africa” Paper Presented at the Agenda Setting Workshop of the Commonwealth Association of Planners (CAP) 2006 World Plan ners Congress, Held Between 14th & 15th November, at the Millenium Hotel, Port Harcourt Ago, U. S (1984), Implementing a Master Plan; The Port Harcourt Experience; A paper presented at the workshop on “The Planning Of New Capital Cities In De veloping Countries” held at Port Harcourt, Nigeria, March 5-9 1984 Arthur D. and Nicolas S. (1979), Population Growth Economic Freedom and th e Rule of Law, Vol 1,143. Hooverpress Alagbe, O. A (2006), Challenges Of Rise In Urban Slums In Cities In Developi ng World: A Case Study Of Lagos State, paper presented at the internation al conference on The Built Environment: Innovation Policy & sustainable Development, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun; January 24-26 Barro, R. J and Salai-Martin, X. (1995), Economic Growth; Journal OfEconomic Dynamics And Control. Vol. 21, 895-898. Mcgraw Hill Bascom, W. (1955), urban sprawl Among the Yoruba, American Journal Of Sociology,vol 60, no. 5, pp. 446-454 Boulanger, P. M. (2008) “Sustainable development indicators: a scientific challe nge, a democratic issue”. S.A.P.I.EN.S. 1 (1) Birkinshaw, M (2008), A Devil In The Jondolos: The Politics Of Shack Fires. Retrieved From: http://abahlali.org/files/Big_Devil_Politics_of_Shack_Fire.pdf Cohen, B. (2006), urban sprawl in Developing Countries. Technology in society, vol. 28, pp. 63- 80 Davies, M (2008), Planet of Slums; Interactivist. Retrieved from: onlinelibrary.wiley.com Dyos, H.J.; Cannadine, D. and Reeder, D (1982), Exploring The Urban Past: Essays In Urban History. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978052128848 4. Dawam, P. D and Ebehikhalu, O. N (2007), The influence Of urban sprawl On Ni gerian Environment, urban sprawl Resource Exploitation And Environme ntal Stability In Nigeria; Book Of Proceedings Of The 49th Annual Confer ence Of The Association Of Nigerian Geographers (ANG), 15-19 October 2007 Ejaro, S.P (2009). Uurban sprawl and land cover change in the federal capital territory, Port Harcourt. Issues and challenges for sustainable development, Journalof Economics and Allied Fields; vol 4,1,14-17 Giok Ling, O.and Hung phua, K. (2008), urban sprawl and Slum Formation. Knowledge Network on Urban Settings, Thematic Paper 13; WHO Green, E. (2010), Urban Slums: A Millennium Development Success? Health a nd Human Rights. Retrieved from: 67 http//www.2011chang.org Grogan, P and Proscio, T (2001), Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival, ISBN 0-8133-3952-9 Gwartney, J. And Lawson, R. (2010), Economic Freedom Of The World. 2000 Annual Report; Vancouver, The Fraser Institute. Updated 2007 Hove, T.V (2003), More Than One Billion People Call Slums Their Home. Glo bal Report On Urban Settlements. Retrieved from; http//www.unhabitat.org jinadu, A. M (2004), urban expansion and physical development problem in Ab uja: implications for the national urban development policy. Journal of theNigerian institute of town planners. Vol. XVII pp. 15-29 Kalbermatten, J, DeAnne, J, and Cunnerson, C. (1982). Appropriate sanitation a lternatives: a technical and economic appraisal. World Bank studies on W ater Supply and Sanitation, no.1. John Hopkins University Press: USA. Kelly, A. C (1988), Economic Consequences Of Population Change In The Thir d World, journal of economic literature, 26; 1685-1728 Khan, H. (2008), Challenges of sustainable Development: Rapid urban sprawl, poverty and capabilities in Bangladesh, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, unpublished knack, S and kiefer (1995), Institutions And Economic Performance Cross Coun try Tests Using Alternative Measures. Economics and politics, vol.7, 207-227 Kurfi M. A (2010), Perspectives on urban sprawl; A Paper presented At Port Harcourt N. I.A pre- A.U.A, 2010 McGreevy, P (1994), Population and Development in Historical Perspective, In Population And Development: Old debates New Conclusions, Ed. Robert Cassen. New Brunswick, N J; Transaction Publishers Meekyah, U. J (1992), The Preparation And Presentation Of Research Projects An Eclectic Guide. Planning Research Publication, Jos, Nigeria Mobogunje, L. A (1980), The development Process, Hutchinson, UK Mukhtar, A.B (2011), 152 Artisans Realeased, No Boko Haram Links, Daily Trust News Papers, Wednesday 7th september, pg2 National Population Commission (NPC) (2006), Facts And Figures 2006 census 6. Retrieved from; http//www.population.gov.ng Nsiah-Gyabaah (2003), urban sprawl, Environmental Degradation And Food Se curity In Africa Prepared For Poster Presentation At The Open Meeting Of The Global Environmental Change Research Community, Montreal, Cana da, 16-18 October 2003. Oladipupo, B.O (2007), The Effect Of Population Increase On Housing AndInfrastructural Development In Kuchigoro, Port Harcourt. Master’s thesis, unpublish ed, Department Of Geography, University Of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Onibokun, P. (1990) Urban Housing in Nigeria: Nigerian Institute Of Social An d Economic Research (NISER) Panayotou, T (1994), The Population, Environment And Development Nexus, P opulation and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions, Ed. Robert C assen. New Brunswick, N J ; Transaction Publishers Pithouse, R (2010), Politics in the slums: a view from South Africa. Retrieved fr om: http://nyc.indymedia.org/e Public Building Department, FCDA (2006), Urban Challenges and Slum Impro vement in the Federal Capital Territory, Port Harcourt Salau, A. T (1990), The Environmental Context Of Urban Housing, Public Serv ices And Infrastructural Facilities In Nigerian Urban Centers. In Onibokun ,P.ed. Ibadan, NISER, 58-88 Solow, R. M. (1956), A Contribution To The Theory Of Economic , Quarterly Journal Of Economics 70: 65-94 Taylor, R.W (1998, 2000), Urban Development Policies in Nigeria: Planning Housing and Land Policy. Review of paper presented at the world congress p land policy, London, England, July 7-11, 1986 Todaro, M. P (1996), Economic Development, 6th Ed. Reading Mass: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, United Nations Development Program. Hu man Development Report, New York, Oxford University Press. Tsakuwa, K. (2010), TrivialsOfPort Harcourt Slum Dwellers. Dandali, Northern Niger ian Discussion Forum. Retrieved from; http//www.groups.yahoo.com/dandali/?tabs=3’ United Nations Population Funds ( UNFPA) (2007), State Of The World Popul ation And World Population Prospects. Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth. UN Habitat (2006), state of the world’s cities; ISBN 92/1/131811-4.UN habitat. Retrieved from: www.unhabitat.org

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia Odorata Against Some Isolates of Wound Among Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Kano Metropolis

Author: Kamal Abdulkadir Muhammad, Ismaila Ahmed, Lawan Danjuma, Raliya Sulaiman, Dauda, Isah Musa Bebeji, Zubairu Sani Ibrahim, Yahaya Ubah Yau, Binta Kabir, Muhammad, and Mukhtar Aminu Bala, Corresponding author

Prevalence and Prevention of Health Problems Among Inmates in Agodi Gate Correctional Centre, Ibadan

Author: John Betiku, a, Oluwabunmi Hannah Aremo, b, Emmanuel Olusegun Abe, a, Rachael, Omotomilayo Ajayi, c, Adenike Kaosarat Alabi, d, Kelechi Princess John, d, orcid ---