An Assessment of Key Architectural and Design Considerations for Effective Wayfinding Systems in Airport Terminals in Nigeria

Aigbe, J. I., Maina, J. J., & Sagada, M. L. (2024). Exploring Spatial Configuration For Effective Way-Finding In The Design Of Shopping Malls In Abuja-Nigeria. Architecture And Planning Journal (Apj), 30(1), 4. Alimbau-Comas, C. (2020). Designing for orientation: Architectural strategies in complex buildings. International Journal of Architectural Research, 14(3), 480–493. Alpat, A. (2022). Passenger experience and airport wayfinding systems: Beyond signage. European Journal of Aviation Research, 11(1), 21–34. Anuar, A. N. A., & Sabar, N. R. (2024). Public perception of airport signage effectiveness in multicultural contexts. Journal of Design and Built Environment, 24(1), 115–127. Bashir, A., Ali, M., & Waseem, A. (2024). Integrating emotional comfort into airport terminal design. International Journal of Aviation and Aeronautical Engineering, 18(2), 97–111. Björkvall, A., Karlsson, A. M., & Ledin, P. (2023). Signs, space and people: Semiotics of public wayfinding. Semiotica, 2023(252), 145–164. Chodor, P. (2024). Infrastructure and cultural narratives: Rethinking user experience in Nigerian airports. African Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 6(1), 77–93. Eze, C., Obasi, C., & Nwokedi, O. (2024). Operational constraints and navigational challenges in Nigerian airports. Transport Policy and Practice, 29(3), 202–215. Feliciani, C., Gorrini, A., & Shimura, K. (2022). Real-time passenger information and wayfinding efficiency. Transportation Research Procedia, 62, 345–353. Ghaffari, H., Bagherpour, H., & Akbari, H. (2023). Architectural cues and spatial cognition in large terminals. Environment and Behavior, 55(5), 679–707. Graham, S. (2023). Passenger feedback analysis: Digital adoption in Nigerian airports. Journal of Transportation and Society, 12(4), 211–226. Grynning, S., & Goia, F. (2019). Lighting and orientation: Linking daylight strategies to user navigation. Building and Environment, 154, 88–97. Guo, W., & He, Y. (2022). Optimized wayfinding signage positioning in hospital built environment through medical data and flows simulations. Buildings, 12(9), 1426. Guelton, B., & Quesnot, T. (Eds.). (2025). Drawing from Memories: Representation and Creativity Across Space and Time. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Harper, C., Duke, T., Avera, A., Crosser, A., Jefferies, S., & Klisans, D. V. (2020, July). Exploring hospital wayfinding systems: design guidelines for wayfinding interfaces. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 30-36). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Hu, X., & Xu, S. (2023). Passenger stress and navigation complexity in large transport terminals. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 86, 102020. IATA. (2020). Airport development reference manual (11th ed.). International Air Transport Association. Irshad, M., Khan, M., & Ahmed, S. (2021). Spatial orientation in multicultural passenger environments. Journal of Spatial Design, 17(2), 141–155. Kim, Y., & Lee, H. (2025). Augmented reality for wayfinding: User acceptance in airports. Journal of Air Transport Management, 115, 102368. Kim, M. J., Wang, X., Han, S., & Wang, Y. (2015). Implementing an augmented reality-enabled wayfinding system through studying user experience and requirements in complex environments. Visualization in Engineering, 3, 1-12. Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Ma, X., & Yang, Q. (2025). Research on the Spatial Location Design of Guidance Signage Systems to Connect the Space of Transit-Orientated Development Sites Based on Multi-Software Analysis. Buildings, 15(5), 683. Molina, M., Ruiz, P., & Suarez, E. (2024). Evaluating digital wayfinding effectiveness in crowded terminals. Journal of Transport Geography, 112, 103562. Powell, J. (2024). Designing for emotional comfort: Wayfinding beyond functional efficiency. Design Issues, 40(2), 63–78. Powell, J., Liu, S., & Zhang, L. (2023). Multimodal cues in passenger navigation: Bridging design and cognition. Journal of Environmental Design, 48(1), 101–118. Sanawar, R. (2025). Terminal layouts and cognitive load: Predictive modelling using Space Syntax. Urban Design International, 30(1), 24–37. Shimada, E., Yamane, S., Ohori, K., Yamada, H., & Takahashi, S. (2018). Agent based simulation for evaluation of signage system considering expression form in airport passenger terminals and other large facilities. In PRIMA 2018: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems: 21st International Conference, Tokyo, Japan, October 29-November 2, 2018, Proceedings 21 (pp. 621-629). Springer International Publishing. Sivaji, A., Radjo, H. K., Amin, M. F., & Hashim, M. A. H. A. (2020). Design of a hospital interactive wayfinding system: Designing for Malaysian users. In Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice (pp. 274-309). IGI Global. Tyagi, S., & Lodewijks, G. (2022). Optimisation of check-in process focused on passenger perception for using self-service technologies at airport in Australia. Journal of Airline and Airport Management, 12(1), 1-14. Zhou, Z., & Ujang, N. (2024). Cognitive overload and signage design: Lessons from transport hubs. Applied Ergonomics, 115, 103074.