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Phytochemical and Antibacterial Studies of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Acacia macrostachya Leaves

Umar Garba, Abdulsamad Umar, Aliyu Saadu, Kabiru Abubakar, Zayyanu Umar, lauwali Mahmud

Abstract

Plant extract can be seen as alternative medicine used to cure numerous ailments since ancient time. About 80% of the population of the world depends upon medicinal plant particularly in developing countries. Acacia macrostachya is a medicinal used to treat numerous diseases such as malaria, convulsion, diarrhea, inflammatory diseases, snake bite, anti-diabetic etc. The aim of this research paper is conduct phytochemical screening and antibacterial studies of ethyl acetate extract from Acacia macrostachya leaves. The plant were collected and authenticated at herbarium Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria with Voucher number PCG/UDUS/Faba/0016. One kilogram (1Kg) of the leaves powder was macerated with ethyl acetate (2.5L) the solvent were evaporated with the aid of rotary evaporator. Standard procedures for phytochemical and antibacterial studies were employed to evaluate the secondary metabolite and the antibacterial activity of the extract. The yield of the ethyl acetate extract was found to be 15.9 g. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids, tannins, flavonoid and phenolic in moderate amount, carbohydrate and anthraquinones are found in trace amount while saponins were absence. The antibacterial study shows the highest of inhibition of 20.16±0.03 mm against P. aeruginosa at 200mg/ml. The minimum inhibition concentration were found to be 50mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 100mg/ml. A. macrostachya leaves was validated and found effective in the treatment of bacterial infections and thus should be study further.

Keywords

Acacia macrostachyaEthyl acetatePhytochemicalAnti-bacteria

References

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