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Acute Toxicity and Safety Profile of Acacia macrostachya Extracts

Hadiza Adamu Kwazo, Umar Garba, Lawal Abubkar, Asmau Umar Sulaiman, Abdulsamad Umar, Aliyu Saadu, Anas Lawal Augie

Abstract

Background: Natural products, particularly those derived from medicinal plants, are important sources of bioactive compounds that contribute significantly to drug discovery and the understanding of biochemical pathways. Acacia macrostachya is widely used in African traditional medicine for treating various ailments such as diarrhea, malaria with convulsions, snake bites, nausea, dysentery, inflammation, uterine fibroids, and intestinal parasites. Assessing the acute toxicity of such plants is critical for ensuring their safety in therapeutic applications. Objective: This study evaluated the acute toxicity profile of crude leaf extracts of A. macrostachya to assess their safety for future pharmacological use. Methods: Acute toxicity was assessed using Lorke’s method in mice. In Phase I, groups of mice (n = 3 per group) received oral doses of 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract, and were monitored for signs of toxicity and mortality. In Phase II, individual mice were administered higher doses (1600, 2900, and 5000 mg/kg) to enhance the estimation of the median lethal dose (LD50). Results: No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed in either phase. All mice survived without adverse effects up to the maximum dose of 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The LD50 of A. macrostachya leaf extracts was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating a wide safety margin. These results support the potential therapeutic use of the plant and justify further pharmacological investigations.

Keywords

Acacia macrostachyaacute toxicityLD50medicinal plantssafety profiletherapeutic potential.

References

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