Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Potential Therapeutic Role of Cocos Nucifera Water in Reducing Lead Induced Damage of the CardioPulmonary HistoArchitecture of Adult Albino Wistar Rat

Ilegbedion, Ikhide Godwin, Amaihunwa, Kingsley Chukwuka, Uchuno, Gregory, Ashimedua, Gbarale, Nornibari Pleasant

Abstract

The coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important fruit tree in the tropical regions and the fruit can be made into a variety of foods and beverages. Lead is a naturally occurring toxic metal found in the earth’s crust. Young children and adults are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effect of lead and can suffer profound and permanent adverse impact with the heart and lungs being the major organs affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological effect of coconut water on lead induced toxicity in the heart and lungs of adult male wistar rats. Twenty- Eight (28) Adult Male Wistar rats were purchased from the Pharmacological Department of Niger Delta University. The rats were weighed and grouped into 5. The rats were given growers marsh and water for 12 hours cycle and were allowed to acclimatize for 14 days. The rats in the treatment groups were administered with 2mg/kg of Lead acetate intraperitoneally and there treated with a varying concentration of coconut water. At the end of 4 weeks of administration, the heart and lungs of animals were harvested, processed and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Result showed the lungs of the lead only group showed enlargement of the alveoli, thickening of the septa and infiltration of inflammatory cells while rats in the lead group treated with coconut water also showed thickening of the interalveolar septa. However, animals in the coconut water only group showed normal appearance of lungs while the heart result revealed no alteration to it's morphology upon lead administration and also there were maintenance of the normal cardiac structure. Our conclusion reveals coconut water dosage administered in this study did not ameliorate lead toxicity in the heart and lungs of adult male wistar rats. Future research should focus on molecular pathways involved in these changes and explore alternative protective agents for lead-induced toxicity.

Keywords

Coconut waterleadCardio-pulmonaryinteralveolar septaToxicityInflammatory

References

Ab Latif Wani, A. A., & Usmani, J. A. (2015). Lead toxicity: A review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 8(2), 55. Abadin, H., Ashizawa, A., Stevens, Y.-W., Llados, F., Diamond, G., Sage, G., Citra, M., Quinones, A., Bosch, S. J., & Swarts, S. G. (2007). Toxicological profile for lead. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Ahamed, M., & Siddiqui, M. K. J. (2007). Low level lead exposure and oxidative stress: Current opinions. Clinica Chimica Acta, (1–2), 57–64. Ajibogun, O.A.and Oboma Y.I (2013). Biochemical composition of coconut water:Nigeria Species. International Journal of Medicine and Biological Science, 1(1):1-4 Alleyne, T., Roache, S., Thomas, C., & Shirley, A. (2005). The control of hypertension by use of coconut water and mauby: Two tropical food drinks. West Indian Medical Journal, 54(1), 3–8. Ang, S. L. P., & Yong, J. W. H. (2005). A protocol for in vitro germination and sustainable growth of two tropical mistletoes. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 80, 221–228. Anurag, P., & Rajamohan, T. (2003). Cardioprotective effect of tender coconut water in experimental myocardial infarction. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58(3), 1–12. Anurag, P., & Rajamohan, T. (2003). Cardioprotective effect of tender coconut water in experimental myocardial infarction. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58(3), 1–12. Ara, A., & Usmani, J. A. (2015). Lead toxicity: A review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 8(2), 55– Arblaster, J. W. (2018). Selected values of the crystallographic properties of elements. Materials Park, OH: ASM International. Arditti, J. (2008). Micropropagation of orchids (2nd ed., Vol. II). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Batool, Z., Yousafzai, N. A., Murad, M. S., Shahid, S., & Iqbal, A. (2017). Lead toxicity and evaluation of oxidative stress in humans. PSM Biological Research, 2(2), 79–82. Betts, M. G., & Gordon, C. (2013). Anatomy & physiology. OpenStax College, Rice University Bisson, M. S., & Vogel, J. O. (2000). Ancient African metallurgy: The sociocultural context. Rowman & Littlefield. Calvo Rebollar, M. (2019). Construyendo la tabla periódica. Prames. Campbell-Falck, D., Thomas, T., Falck, T. M., Tutuo, N., & Clem, K. (2000). The intravenous use of coconut water. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(1), 108–111. Ceccarelli, P. (2013). Ancient Greek letter writing: A cultural history (600 BC–150 BC). OUP Oxford. Chen, J., Sun, Z., Zhang, Y., Zeng, X., Qing, C., Liu, J., Li, L., & Zhang, H. (2009). Synthesis of gibberellin derivatives with anti-tumor bioactivities. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 19(20), 5496–5499. Depeint, F., Bruce, W. R., Shangari, N., Mehta, R., & O’Brien, P. J. (2006). Mitochondrial function and toxicity: Role of B vitamins on the one-carbon transfer pathways. Chemico- Biological Interactions, 163(1–2), 113–132. Dharmasiri, N., Dharmasiri, S., Weijers, D., Lechner, E., Yamada, M., Hobbie, L., Ehrismann, J. S., Jurgens, G., & Estelle, M. (2005). Plant development is regulated by a family of auxin receptor F box proteins. Developmental Cell, 9(1), 109–119. Drake, R. L., Vogl, A. W., & Mitchell, A. W. M. (2010). Gray's anatomy for students (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Enagbonna B.J., Ayomide, E.F., Ayansina, S.A, Olubukola, O.B (2023). ‘Hematobiochemical Changes of Lead Poisoning and Amelioration with Coconut(cocos nucifera L) Water in Wister Albino Rats. Microorganisms, 11(8): 1997-2003 Engwa, G. A., Ferdinand, P. U., Nwalo, F. N., & Unachukwu, M. N. (2019). Mechanism and health effects of heavy metal toxicity in humans. In Poisoning in the modern world— New tricks for an old dog? IntechOpen. Evans, P., & Halliwell, B. (2001). Micronutrients: Oxidant/antioxidant status. British Journal of Nutrition, 85(2), 67–74. Flora, S. J. (2011). Arsenic-induced oxidative stress and its reversibility. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 51(2), 257–281. Gall, J. E., Boyd, R. S., & Rajakaruna, N. (2015). Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs: A review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(4), 1–21. Gan, S., & Amasino, R. M. (1996). Cytokinins in plant senescence: From spray and pray to clone and play. BioEssays, 18(7), 557–565. Ge, L., Tan, S., Yong, J. W. H., & Tan, S. N. (2006). Capillary electrophoresis for cytokinin analyses: A review. Electrophoresis, 27(23), 4779–4791. George, E. F., & Sherrington, P. D. (1984). Plant propagation by tissue culture: Handbook and directory of commercial laboratories. Edington, UK: Exegetics Ltd. Goh, Y. I., & Koren, G. (2008). Folic acid in pregnancy and fetal outcomes. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 28(1), 3–13. Greenwood, N. N., & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the elements (2nd ed., p. 28). Butterworth-Heinemann. Grout, J. (2017). Lead poisoning and Rome. Encyclopaedia Romana. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/ Gupta, N., Khan, D. K., & Santra, S. C. (2008). An assessment of heavy metal contamination in vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated areas of Titagarh, West Bengal, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80(2), 115–118. Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2011). Textbook of medical physiology (12th ed., p. 157). Saunders/Elsevier. Haberer, G., & Kieber, J. J. (2002). Cytokinins: New insights into a classic phytohormone. Plant Physiology, 128(2), 354–362. Hong, S., Candelone, J.-P. & Patterson, C. C. (1994). Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations. Science, 265(5180), 1841–1843. Hsu, P. C., & Guo, Y. L. (2002). Antioxidant nutrients and lead toxicity. Toxicology, 180(1), 33– Huan, L. V. T., Takamura, T., & Tanaka, M. (2004). Callus formation and plant regeneration from callus through somatic embryo structures in Cymbidium orchid. Plant Science, 166(6), 1443–1449. Jakubowska, A., & Kowalczyk, S. (2005). A specific enzyme hydrolyzing 6-O(4-O)-indole-3- ylacetyl-?-D-glucose in immature kernels of Zea mays. Journal of Plant Physiology, 162(2), 207–213. Janick, J., & Paull, R. E. (2008). The encyclopedia of fruit & nuts (p. 112). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Kende, H., & Zeevaart, J. (1997). The five “classical” plant hormones. The Plant Cell, 9(7), 1197–1210. Kobayashi, H., Morisaki, N., Tago, Y., Hashimoto, Y., Iwasaki, S., Kawachi, E., Nagata, R., & Shudo, K. (1997). Structural identification of a major cytokinin in coconut milk as 14-O- (3-O-[?-D-galactopyranosyl-(1?2)-?-D-galactopyranosyl-(1?3)-?-L-arabinofuranosyl]- 4-O-(?-L-arabinofuranosyl)-?-D-galactopyranosyl)-trans-zeatin riboside. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 45(2), 260–264. Kusimba, C. (2017, June 20). Making cents of currency's ancient rise. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com Kwong, W. T., Friello, P., & Semba, R. D. (2004). Interactions between iron deficiency and lead poisoning: Epidemiology and pathogenesis. Science of the Total Environment, 330(1–3), 21–37. Lédo, A. da S., Passos, E. E. M., Fontes, H. R., Ferreira, J. M. S., Talamini, V., & Vendrame, W. A. (2019). Advances in coconut palm propagation. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 41(2), 12-19. Letham, D. S. (1963). Zeatin, a factor inducing cell division isolated from Zea mays. Life Sciences, 2(6), 569–573. Ling, J., & Qiang, X. (2005). Observation of the lead carbonyls PbnCO (n = 1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 122(3), 034505. Lopez, M. A., & Larkins, B. A. (1993). Endosperm origin, development and function. The Plant Cell, 5(10), 1383–1399. Ma, Z., Ge, L., Lee, A. S. Y., Yong, J. W. H., Tan, S. N., & Ong, E. S. (2008). Simultaneous analysis of differen

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia Odorata Against Some Isolates of Wound Among Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Kano Metropolis

Author: Kamal Abdulkadir Muhammad, Ismaila Ahmed, Lawan Danjuma, Raliya Sulaiman, Dauda, Isah Musa Bebeji, Zubairu Sani Ibrahim, Yahaya Ubah Yau, Binta Kabir, Muhammad, and Mukhtar Aminu Bala, Corresponding author

Prevalence and Prevention of Health Problems Among Inmates in Agodi Gate Correctional Centre, Ibadan

Author: John Betiku, a, Oluwabunmi Hannah Aremo, b, Emmanuel Olusegun Abe, a, Rachael, Omotomilayo Ajayi, c, Adenike Kaosarat Alabi, d, Kelechi Princess John, d, orcid ---